Do the following statements refer to the humoral or cell-mediated or both branch
ID: 86438 • Letter: D
Question
Do the following statements refer to the humoral or cell-mediated or both branches of the adaptive immune system? is mediated by lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system employs cells that have thousands of antigen receptors sticking out of their cell surface relies on cells that originate in the bone marrow relies on cells that spend time maturing in the thymus cells in this branch secrete free-floating antibodies Look at Section 24.7 and Figures 24.7A 24.7B in your textbook and identify the following statements about clonal selection of B cells as true or false: the first time that a pathogen enters the body, it is recognized by an antigen receptors on all B cells binding of an antigen to receptors on a B cell causes that B cell to grow, divide, and differentiate into both plasma effector cells and into memory cells plasma effector cells secrete antibodies to deal with the current infection memory cells will respond to later infections by the same pathogen vaccinations stimulate production of both plasma effector cells and memory cells after vaccination against a specific pathogen (e.g. measles), memory cells can respond more quickly and strongly to a subsequent measles infection a subsequent measles infection will cause the memory cells to grow, divide, and differentiate into both new plasma effector cells and into new memory cells vaccination "educates" the adaptive immune system to recognize and prepare a response (in the form of memory cells) to dangerous pathogens Look at Figure 24.11 and identify whether the following statements about T cells are pertinent to: a) helper T cells b) cytotoxic T cells c) both these are the cells that directly destroy infected body cells these cells are part of the cell-mediated immune response these cells stimulate both humoral B cell response and cell-mediated cytotoxic T cell responseExplanation / Answer
All the statment refer to the humoral or cell mediated or both branches of the adaptive immune system.
43) Circulating lymphocytes; the rest move within the tissues and lymphatic system.
44)This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte.
45,46) B cells and T cells are produced by stem cells in the bone marrow.naive B and naive T cells (cells that have not matured), left the bone marrow or thymus, have entered the lymphatic system..
47)Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.
48)Fasle. Antigen receptor on T cells, T cell receptors identify antigen bound to Class II MHC molecules. It transmits signals directly to the cell's interior when binds the antigen. recognized by antigen-specific armed helper T cells and stimulating to make proteins. T cells to initiate an adaptive immune response. They recognize and phagocytose invade microbes or their products at a site of infection.
49)True. Cognate antigen can stimulate B lymphocytes to proliferate and differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells that produce antibodies against the antigen .
50)True. Plasma cells are short-lived cells and secrete antibodies. These antibodies bind to antigens, making easier targets for phagocytes, and trigger the complement cascade. Some plasma cells survive to become long-lived antigen-specific memory B cells produce specific antibodies depend upon to respond quickly if the same pathogen re-infects the host.
51)True. memory cells – the survivors of past infections.
52)False. vaccination stimulate production of only memory cells. When B cells and T cells are activated some become memory B cells and some memory T cells and exposures to an antigen produce a stronger and faster immune response. Immunological memory can be in the form of either passive short-term memory or active long-term memory.
53)enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination and can also provide long-lasting protection; for example, someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime.
54) On resolution of the infection, most effector cells die and phagocytes clear them away—but a few of these cells remain as memory cells and later encounter with the same antigen, memory cells quickly differentiate into effector cells, dramatically shortening the time required to mount an effective response.
55)Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.
56)T helper cells, are immune response mediators, and play an important role in establishing and maximize the capabilities of the adaptive immune response. These cells have no cytotoxic or phagocytic activity; and cannot kill infected cells or clear pathogens, but, manage the immune response, by directing performance of other cells, and activates the activities of macrophages, and induces B cells to make coating and complement-fixing antibodies, and leads to cell mediated immunity.
57)ytotoxic T cells are a sub-group of T cells that induce the death of cells that are infected with viruses , or damaged or dysfunctional. On decision of the infection, most effector cells die and phagocytes clear them. On a later encounter with the same antigen, these memory cells quickly differentiate into effector cells, dramatically shortening the time required to mount an effective response.
58)Gamma delta T cells (both) possess an alternative T cell receptor as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and share characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. exhibit characteristics that place them at the border between innate and adaptive immunity.
T cells are useless without antigen-presenting cells to activate them, and B cells are crippled without T cell help.
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.