Part of the ability of Streptococcus mutans to produce dental caries depend on i
ID: 85829 • Letter: P
Question
Explanation / Answer
45. Ans b
a) S. mutans has the ability to initiate smooth surface caries and also form large amounts of adherent plaque.
b) S. mutans ability depends on its to polymerize sucrose into high-molecular-weight, extracellular polysaccharides (glucans).
c) S. mutans produces relevant proteins that make easy establishment and optimal survival during biofilms development which is induced by sucrose. These proteins is associated with exopolysaccharide matrix assembly, metabolic and stress adaptation processes .
d) Streptococcus mutans with its receptors allow it to adhere to the surface of the tooth creating a slimy environment.
46.Ans-d
a) H. pylori can be grown only in medium supplement with amino acids arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. H. pylori is urease, catalase, and oxidase positive which are often used in identification of H. Pylori and catabolize glucose, and sugars cannot be catabolized .
b. The effect of various FAs on bacteria is to inhibit growth and exhibit direct killing of a broad range of bacteria. Bovine serum decrease the toxic effects of fatty acids via adsorption to short-chain fatty acids and prevent the formation of toxic products from long FAs and stimulate the growth of H. pylori.
c) H. Pylori form protease that breaks protein . H. pylori recruits neutrophils which is synthesized a neutrophil-activating protein, Hp-NAP and that considered a major virulent factor of the bacterium . Sialylated oligosaccharides that inhibit H. pylori–induced activation of human neutrophils.
d) H pylori has a unique and acid gated membrane channel which controls the amount of alkali that produced by the bacterium to combat gastric acid and allowing it to survive and grow in gastric acid and is activated by its own cytoplasmic urease, which converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia.
47.Ans-e
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a major pathogen that grow in the digestive tract and associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and primary gastric lymphoma.
48.Ans-d
Salivary gland infections are caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. The possible causes of the infections could be:
.
49.Ans-d
a)Endotoxins are not secreted but they are released upon cell lysis.
b) Gastric acid, mucus secretion, and intestinal motility are the prime nonspecific defenses against V cholerae.
C) Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, is a facultative anaerobe and has a flagellum and used as a locomotion organelle.
d) Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by the organism Vibrio cholerae. They adhere to the intestinal epithelium and produce enzymes that facilitate access of the bacterium to the epithelial surface. The actual disease symptoms are caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacteria.
50.Ans-Foods that are contain Salmonella are- eggs, raw milk, contraminated water and raw meats.
51.Ans-b
Typhoid bacilli found in bile and found typhoid bacilli present in the gallbladder.
52.Ans- d
a)The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is easily transmissible between humans through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
b) Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver and is transmitted through access to a non-infected individual's mucus membranes or bloodstream
c) Norwalk virus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States.
d) Gastroenteritis is usually caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. Gastroenteritis is an infection that occur in the gut (intestines). Viruses (such as rotavirus) are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States
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