What does it mean to domesticate an organism? What traits might a domestic organ

Question

What does it mean to domesticate an organism? What traits might a domestic organism have that its wild ancestor would not have? What is the basic purpose of PCR? In other words, what do scientists use PCR to do? 3A. What is a primer? The starting material for PCR is often genomic DNA. The human genome is a little over 3 billion base pairs long. How do primers used in PCR "find" the correct DNA sequence among all of the possible options? Why did the discovery of a thermally stable DNA polymerase allow the creation of PCR technology? Why is it impossible for scientists to use human DNA polymerase to carry out PCR? Pea aphids are insects that infest pea crops and cause substantial economic harm to farmers. Farmers frequently use insecticides to control aphid populations but surprisingly pea aphids have not become resistant to insecticides yet. Pea aphids normally reproduce but under environmental conditions that favor rapid reproduction, they can switch to an a mode called parthenogenesis. Additionally, pea aphids, which normally lack wings, develop wings when populations are too large to be supported by the current crop of peas, allowing them to fly to other food sources. Discuss the role that natural selection and phenotypic plasticity play during the life of the pea aphid.

Explanation / Answer

3 the basic purpose of PCR is to amplify DNA, ie. Create large amounts of DNA from a small amount of available sample

PCR is used in isolation of DNA fragments from genomic

DNA by selective amplification of a specific region of DNA, generating hybridization probes for Southern or northern hybridization and DNA cloning, DNA sequencing, paternity tests etc.

3a Primer is a short stretch of nucleotides which is required for the initiation of double strand formation using the template

3b primers are short chain oligonucleiotides which bind to specific regions in the DNA. This happens because the primer used has the correct base sequence which matches the sequence where it has to attach and hence base pairing occurs at only those regions.

3C thermally stable polymerase is important because of the thermal cycling process which is characteristic of PCR. The sequential cooling and hearing processes are important and the polymerase should not be destroyed due to heat and hence heat stable polymerases allowed for the use of PCR method.

3 D Human DNA polymerase is not a heat stable polymerase and hence cannot be used. At the high temperatures used in PCR, the human DNA polymerase would get denatured. The optimum temperature for human DNA polymerase is 37degree celcium which is same as body temperature of humans

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