Please answer ALL questions. Select the correct combination for a sympathetic in

Question

Please answer ALL questions.

Select the correct combination for a sympathetic increase in heart rate

A. acetylcholine -- alpha receptors -- increased potassium permeability

B. norepinephrine and epinephrine -- beta 2 receptors --increased permeability to sodium, potassium, and calcium

C. acetylcholine --muscarinic receptors --increased potassium permability

D. norepinephrine and epinephrine -- nicotinic receptors --increased permeability to calcium

E. norepinephrine and epinephrine -- beta 1 receptors -- increased permeability to sodium and calcium

If there is loss of plasma proteins due to kidney disease (in other words, the plasma proteins go out in the urine), how will bulk flow in the systemic capillaries be affected?

A. both filtration and reabsorption will increase

B. both filtration and reabsorption will decrease

C. filtration witll increase, and reabsorption will decrease

D. filtration will decrease, and reabsorption will increase

Which of the following does NOT increase venous return to the heart?

A. parasympathetic activity causing venous vasodilation

B. sympathetic nerve activity causing venous vasoconstriction

C. Respiratory pump providing a pressure gradient between the lower viens and the chest veins

D. skeletal muscle pump squeezing blood through the viens

E. more than one answer applies

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1: E - norepinephrine and epinephrine -- beta 1 receptors -- increased permeability to sodium and calcium

Explanation

Answer 2: B. both filtration and reabsorption will decrease

Explanation

Proteinuria may lead to glomerular diseases causes a leak of proteins in urine, decreases filtration rate and tubular reabsorption, causes loss of albumin which leads to low plasma oncotic pressure resulting in edema.

Answer 3: E.

Explanation: Respiratory pump providing a pressure gradient between the lower veins and the chest veins will not increase venous return

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