A previously normal patient develops a buidup of plaque that severely reduces th

Question

A previously normal patient develops a buidup of plaque that severely reduces the blood flow to his right kidney. Click on all of the physiological changes that would be expected after the blockage compared to what they were before.

Decreased renin released from the right kidney

increased plasma renin concentration

increased mean arterial blood pressure

decreased plasma aldosterone concentration

decreased plasma angiotensin ll concentration

decreased renin release from the left kidney

decreased mean arterial blood pressure

increased renin release from the right kidney

increased plasma angiotensin ll concentration

increased plasma aldosterone concentration

increased renin release from the left kidney

decreased plasma renin concentration

Explanation / Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that is involved in the regulation of plasma sodium concentration and arterial blood pressure.

When the renal blood flow is reduced, the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney converts prorenin into renin, which is secreted directly into the circulation, increasing the plasma renin concentration. Plasma renin then converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II,by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vaso-active peptide that causes arterioles to constrict, resulting in increased arterial blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Hence, if there is severely reduced blood flow to the right kidney, following physiological changes would be expected:

1. Increased plasma renin concentration

2. Increased mean arterial blood pressure

3. Increased renin release from the right kidney

4. Increased plasma angiotensin II concentration

5. Increased plasma aldosterone concentration

According to how well the right kidney can cope with the reduced blood flow, it will affect the function of left kidney. Considering that the reduced blood flow is so severe that it might lead to complications such as kidney failure, rendering the right kidney useless, decreased renin released from the right kidney wll bre seen, as the right kidney stops to function.

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