1 A 11 month old young infant was brought to hospital with recurrent infections.
ID: 85285 • Letter: 1
Question
1
A 11 month old young infant was brought to hospital with recurrent infections. The physician ordered an immunoelectrophoresis and other laboratory tests. The infant had normal levels of T and B cells. Following are the other lab results:
Hct 35% IgG 153 mg/dL
Hgb 11.9 g/dL IgM 576 mg/dL
WBC 14,000 IgA 11 mg/dL
Total protein 8.7 g/dL IgD 0 mg/dL
Albumin 3.8 g/dL IgE 1 klU/L
Are the infant's immunoglobulin levels normal or abnormal? List the function of each of the immunoglobulins.
A 68 yr old male in an unconcious state is transported to ER after being involved in one car crash, where he drove off the road and hit a tree. It is assumed that he was alone and blacked out. He recived a broken leg, multiple contusions and cuts. Blood samples were drawn upon arrival and in 3 hr intervals for 12 hrs. All control values were within acceptable range. Tests follow- What do they suggest?
3. What is the Michaelis-Menten constant, the formula for this hypothesis, and explain this assumption.
Test Initial Values 3 hrs 9 hrs Ref Ranges Myoglobin 57 ng/mL 140 ng/mL 281 ng/mL 30-90 ng/mL Total CK 112 U/L 170 U/L 390 U/L 15-160 U/L CK-MB 3 ng/mL 6 ng/mL 8 ng/mL 0-5 ng/mL Troponin I 0.10 ng/mL 0.12 ng/mL 0.11 ng/mL <0.40 ng/mLExplanation / Answer
Answer: - 1
As per results observation we concluded that the IgG level decreased and Level of IgM increased.
In case of increased level of IgM in comparison to the IgG at that stage B-cell unable to synthesize IgM to IgG. So it will increase the amount of IgM antibodies in comparison level of IgA and IgG i.e. level of IgG and IgA decreases. This results in development of genetic disorder/mutation.
Level of immunoglobulin is abnormal.
IgG is most abundant immunoglobulin which released at time of viral, bacterial and toxic infection in body. It found in the tissue and plasma of blood.
IgM released first after the invasion of the organism and toxin in body.
IgA found in saliva, tears and in other mucus. It helps in counter the bacterial and viral infection.
IgE found in respiratory part of the body which responds in case of allergic reactions.
Basically all the immunoglobulin plays similar role. But there pathway and mechanism of action is different.
Answer :- 2
CK-MB is the enzyme protein found in heart muscle which plays different functions. It helps in the transfer of energy molecules toward phosphate substrates.
It helps in the detection of skeletal muscle disease and myocardial infection.
This test usually performed from 8-48 hour there may be fall in CK-MB value during last hour.
So we cannot predict the accurate level of CK-MB and disease.
Answer 3.
Michaelis Menten constant (Km) represent the concentration of substrate at the time when rate of reaction velocity equal to the half of the maximum rate of reaction velocity. It can be correlated with substrate and enzyme reaction which depends upon binding affinity.
Michaelis-Menten equation is given below:-
V=Kcat (enzyme) (S)/{Km + (S)}
Km = Michaelis menten constant
S= Substrate
Kcat = rate constant of substrate and enzyme reaction
V = rate of reaction
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