Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

Valine is an essential amino acid, which means that it cannot be manufactured in

ID: 851317 • Letter: V

Question

Valine is an essential amino acid, which means that it cannot be manufactured in the body and must be obtained through dietary sources. It is a branched-chain amino acid that works with the other two BCAAs (isoleucine & leucine) to promote normal growth, repair tissues, regulate blood sugar, and provide the body with energy. Correct the drawings below (i.e., add or remove lone pairs, charges, and atoms) to show valine at pH 1, pH 7, and pH 11. The pKa values for Valine's ionizable groups are 2.29 for the - COOH group and 9.72 for the - NH3+ group Rank these resonance forms lowest "imaginary energy" to highest" "imaginary energy". Rank these carbocations from lowest energy (most stable) to highest energy (least stable). Rank these carbocations from lowest energy (most stable) to highest energy (least stable). Draw a mechanism for the reaction of with sodium hydride. In the box to the left, draw any necessary curved arrows. Show the products of the reaction in the box to the right. Include any nonzero formal charges and all lone pairs of electrons. Finally, check the box to indicate which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium.

Explanation / Answer

Valine is an essential amino acid, which means that it cannot be manufactured in