CASE STUDY SCENARIO Mr. BA is a 65 –year-old, African Canadian male from Brampto

Question

CASE STUDY SCENARIO

Mr. BA is a 65 –year-old, African Canadian male from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. He came to the Emergency Department with his wife of 30 years. Mr. BA was sent to the Emergency Department by his primary healthcare provider because “he has not been feeling well” for the past few days. He describes fullness in his head and chest without any associated symptoms. His medical history is pertinent only for primary hypertension, and he states that he ran out of his medication 2 weeks before he started experiencing symptoms.

Physical examination reveals an anxious man with a BP of 230/130 mm Hg with a heart rate of 108 bpm. Respirations are mildly elevated at 22 breaths per minute. No papilledema is seen on funduscopic examination. Lungs have bilateral rales one quarter up from the bases. Cardiac examination reveals a regular tachycardic rhythm with normal S1 and S2. Jugular venous pressure is normal but demonstrate sustained fullness with abdominal pressure. Apical pulse is prominent. No pedal edema, or abdominal bruits detectable. Peripheral pulses are equal.

Laboratory test results reveal normal CBCs, electrolytes, and renal functions. Several erythrocytes are seen in the urine. Oxygen saturation is 89% on room air. A 12-lead EKG shows sinus tachycardia, left axis deviation, 4-6mm ST-segment depression across the pericardium. A chest X-ray is significant for moderate pulmonary venous congestion and cardiomegaly.

The findings indicate that patient is in hypertensive crisis and in need of immediate medical attention and he is very anxious. BA is 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 200 pounds. He reports no form of regular exercise or special diet. BA’s diet entails carbohydrate dense foods, salted cod fish, bacon, goat meat, and high glycemic index beverages. BA smoke half pack of cigarette for the past five years and drinks a case of beer on weekends. BA father died of a heart attack at age 60. Brother had a stroke at age 50.

Taking Mr BA’s ethnic background and lifestyle into consideration, explain what could have possibly contributed to BA’s diagnosis?

Answer with at least 2 to 3 citations and reference within 5 years

Explanation / Answer

Considering the diet of Mr BA we can contribute that the high calorie food increases the cholesterol level in the body..Inspite of the fact that an appropriate amount of cholesterol is also necessary for the body but food which Mr.ba is having is possibly increasing the cholesterol level which gets deposited as a layer...This cholesterol is capable of increasing its size and can act as a obstacle in the path of flow of blood...As RBC's carry oxygen the circulation of oxygen is decreased due to developing cholesterol in the path of blood flow and it can Bloch the passage too......As a result of decreased level of oxygen it can slow down Mr BA 's BP and heart rate ..On the other hand alcohol also relaxes the nerves and reduces the bp...Due to which a person slows down in his actions and mental abilities to think and work....

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