Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of metabolic alkalosi

Question

Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of metabolic alkalosis? Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperventilation Respiratory Depression Excessive Sodium Bicarbonate therapy Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of respiratory acidosis? Diabetic ketoacidosis Respiratory Depression Hyperventilation Excessive Sodium Bicarbonate therapy Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of respiratory alkalosis? Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperventilation Respiratory Depression Excessive Sodium Bicarbonate therapy What is the most effective therapy for reversing acidosis in a patient with exacerbated COPD? Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Sodium Bicarbonate IV Therapy

Explanation / Answer

17) Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the pH level of the tissue is increased beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45). This occurs due to decrease in hydrogen ion concentration which leads to increased bicarbonate levels. This may also occur as a direct result of increased level of bicarbonate concentrations.

Sodium bicarbonate therapy is used for treating acute metabolic acidosis. But excessive sodium bicarbonate can cause increase in pH leading to metabolic alkalosis.

Hence, excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy can lead to metabolic alkalosis.

Option d is the answer.

18) Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which decreased ventilation increases concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, thereby decreasing the blood’s pH. Hypoventilation or respiratory depression occurs when ventilation is not adequate to perform gas exchange.

Therefore, respiratory depression is most likely cause of respiratory acidosis.

Option c is the answer.

19) Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which increased respiration results in the elevation of blood pH beyond normal range (7.35-7.45).

When there is more exhalation than inhalation, there is rapid production of carbon dioxide in the body which increases the level of blood pH. This is called hyperventilation.

Therefore, hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis.

Option b is the answer.

20) Exacerbated COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) is the sudden worsening COPD symptoms like shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing etc. that can last for several days. It is usually triggered by bacterial or viral infection or by environmental pollutants.

COPD can lead to respiratory acidosis which occurs when lungs are not able to remove enough of the carbon dioxide produced by the body resulting in decreased level of pH. Alkali therapy is usually done to elevate the pH level.   Sodium bicarbonate is the most commonly used agent to correct acidosis.

So, Sodium bicarbonate therapy is the most effective therapy for reversing acidosis in a patient with exacerbated COPD.

Option c is the answer.

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