Name the monomers and the bonds that make them of the following macromolecules.
ID: 83195 • Letter: N
Question
Name the monomers and the bonds that make them of the following
macromolecules. (1 point each)
A. Carbohydrates: ______________________ Bond: _________________
B. Proteins: ______________________ Bond: _________________
C. Nucleic Acids: ______________________ Bond: _________________
D. Lipids: ______________________ Bond: _________________
Compare Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:
a. Using your laboratory observations, how are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar in
structure? Hint: 4 points (1 point each)
1. __________________________3. _________________________________
2. __________________________4. _________________________________
BIOL
150
(Total
103
Points)
Laboratory
Test
Spring
2017
Name:
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b. How eukaryotes are different from prokaryotes?.
Hint: 2 points (1 point each)
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
c. How are plant cells different from animal cells?
Hint: 4 points (1 point each)
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
d. Based on the osmosis/diffusion lab we completed.
1. Which ions Na+ or OH- diffuse through the membrane? (2 point)
Explanation / Answer
Monomers of Carbohydrates -monosacchrides; bonds in carbohydrates - when many monosaccharides are linked together in a chain to form a polysacchrides ,the bond between them is called glycosidic bond.
Monomers of proteins- amino acids; bonds in proteins-peptide bonds are formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of the other amino acid , releasing a molecule of water (H2O).
Nucleic acid monomers are called as nucleotides.The bonds between these nucleotides are called as phosphodiester bonds.
Monomers of lipids are called as fatty acids and glycerol or triglycerides.The bonds between the triglycerides in a lipid chain is called as ester bond , a covalent bond which are formed during condensation reaction.
Similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes-
1.Both of them are composed of cells with a definite cell membrane made up of phospholipids and proteins.
2.Both of them contain DNA as the main genetic material.
3.Both of them contains ribosomes for the protein synthesis.
4.Most of the metabolic reactions takes place in the cytosol which is the important part of the cytoplasm in both types of organisms.
Differences of prokaryotes from eukaryotes-
1.Eukaryotic cells are ordinarily larger (10 – 100um) than prokaryotic cells (1 – 10um).
2.Eukaryotes are generally multicellular in contrast to prokaryotes as these are unicellular.
3.Eukaryotic DNA is generally linear with nucleosomes wound over proteins.Prokaryotes have circular simple DNA with no nucleosomes.
4.Eukaryotic cells contain many membrane-enclosed, large, complex organelles in the cytoplasm whereas prokaryotic cells do not contain these membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria,nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum etc.
Only Na + diffuses inside the cell membrane due to the gradient of it ,formed during sodium potassium pump.
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