5-What dietary intervention would benefit Tom the most? 6- What dietary changes

Question

5-What dietary intervention would benefit Tom the most?

6- What dietary changes will affect his blood pressure most?

7- List Tom’s non-modifiable risk factors for CVD

8- List Tom’s modifiable risk factors for CVD

9-What are inflammatory markers for CVD risk?

10-How will the additional of physical activity influence Tom’s diagnosis?

UutiUil, susceptible trans- rosis. Patients require to osteopo- slow bone loss, optimal calcium and vitamin D intake to therapy are exercise and drug of the necessity necessary. Infection must be avoided because Food of lifelong use of drugs safety should be discussed. CLINICAL CASE STUDY Tom is a 55-year-old single man with hypertension (blood pressure 145/92), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (241), and low high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (38) and a cRP of 4mg/L. He has a strong family history of heart disease. He reports that he often eats in his car so he frequents fast-food restaurant He works long hours and, other than gardening on the weekends, he does not exercise. He is 5'10" and 220 lb. His breakfast is usually a cheese-egg biscuit, bacon, and coffee without milk or cream. Lunch is often a bean and cheese burrito and ice cream. His favorite dinner is fried chicken, mashed potatoes with gravy, collards sautéed with bacon fat, and pie Using the following list, what are Tom's nutritional diagnoses? Which should be the top priority? Nutrition Diagnostic Term Excessive energy intake Excessive intake of fats Excessive alcohol intake Inadequate fiber intake Inadequate calcium intake Inadequate magnesium intake Inadequate potassium intake Excessive sodium intake Overweight or obesity deficit Food- nutrition-related knowledge Undesirable food Physical inactivity

Explanation / Answer

5. The diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low fat or nonfat dairy foods, lean meats, fish and poultry, nuts, beans and legumes , whole grains, high fiber rich foods would benefit tom the most. This dietary intervention targets the high blood pressure in tom to decline or become normal.

6. The dietary changes that will affect his blood pressure most include excessive energy intake, excessive intake of fats, excessive alcohol intake, excessive sodium intake, physical inactivity, undesirable food choices.

7. The Tom's non modifiable risk factors for CVD include

1. AGE- Tom's age of 55years itself increases the risk for heart disease.

2. FAMILY HISTORY OF HEART DISEASE- The risk for developing heart disease increases if you have a family member who developed heart disease at an early age (before 55 years old). If the parents developed heart disease later in life, it may be age-related rather than genetic.

3. GENDER- The chance of developing the risk of cardiovascular disease is more in men compared to women.

8. The Tom's modifiable risk fcators for CVD include

1. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE- For persons over age 50, systolic blood pressure is more important than diastolic blood pressure as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. By promoting life style modifications the risk of CVD can be reduced.

2. ALCOHOL INTAKE- It is the most preventable risk factor.

3. LDL- Tom has high low density lipoprotein levels of 241mg/dL. The aim is to lower these levels to prevent the risk of CVD

4. HDL- Tom has low high density lipoprotein levels of 38mg/dL. An HDL level of 60 mg/dL provides optimal protection. It removes cholesterol from the arteries and takes it to the liver where it can be passed out of the body.

9. The inflammatory markers for the risk of CVD include interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and white cell count.

10.Physical activity lowers blood pressure,decreasing strain on the heart. It increases good HDL cholesterol that transports fat away from the arteries and back to the liver for processing. It also reduce levels of bad LDL cholesterol that can form fatty deposits in the arteries and contribute to heart disease.

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