1. The use of microscale techniques does not change the hazardous nature of the
ID: 819520 • Letter: 1
Question
1. The use of microscale techniques does not change the hazardous nature of the reagents we use. Briefly describe the hazards associated with even small amounts of each of the following:
a. concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl
b. sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution
2. In your own words, briefly explain the terms below.
a. equilibrium state
b. the effect of formation of a complex
3. A student is studying the equilibrium represented by the equation
2CrO42-(aq, yellow) + 2H3O+(aq) ?? Cr2O72-(aq, orange) + 3H2O(l)
The mixture obtained by the student is yellow.
a. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to the equilibrium mixture.
b. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding solid sodium chromate to the equilibrium mixture(HINT: when sodium chromate is dissolved in water, it dissociates into ions.)
c. Describe the color change the student should observe after adding excess sodium hydroxide to the equilibrium mixture in (b).Briefly explain your answer in terms of Le Ch
Explanation / Answer
1 )
conc.HCl :Extremely corrosive. Inhalation of vapour can cause serious injury. Ingestion may be fatal. Liquid can cause severe damage to skin and eyes. TLV 5 ppm.
NaOH solution;Very corrosive. Causes severe burns. May cause serious permanent eye damage. Very harmful by ingestion. Harmful by skin contact or by inhalation of dust.
2) Equilibrium means a state of balance
Complex ions are formed when an anion (Lewis base) is reacted with a metal cation (Lewis acid). Of all the elements, the transition metal ions tend to create complex ions
3)
a) Orange
b) Orange
c) By adding more to the reactants (HCL to H3O+), the equilibrium will cause the reaction favoring the forward reaction toward products.
d) OH- + H3O+ -> 2 H2O
4
a)
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