An intact skeleton of a juvenile is recovered from a shallow grave. The coroner

Question

An intact skeleton of a juvenile is recovered from a shallow grave. The coroner has requested an estimate of age to compare with missing person files, indicating that there are only three missing children from the region: ages 4, 8, and 12. What methods would you use to estimate age? Could you confidently narrow down which of the three missing children are most likely with the remains? Explain. What is the difference between chronological and biological age? Why is this distinction important? What are some advantages to using the pubic symphysis aging method over the auricular surface? Explain the relationship between elastic deformation, yield point, plastic deformation, and failure. How do these relate to a bone's strength and toughness?

Explanation / Answer

REFERENCES

MacLaughlin, S.M., Bruce, M.F., 1990. The accuracy of sex identification in european skeletal remains using the phenice characters. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 35 (6), 1384-1392

Kanabur, V., 2012. Sex determination of human hip bone by metric analysis of ileum. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 5(1), 29-34,

Phenice, T.W., 1969. A newly developed visual method of sexing the os pubis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 30 (2), 297-301

Age at death, stature and sex of an individual are the most critical properties that can be acquired from human remains. Before having the capacity to gauge age at death it is fundamental to decide the sex of the person as females and guys develop diversely and their sex majorly affects exact age at death estimation. The best diffences amongst guys and females are found in the innominate bones, because of specific shape in females favoring labor (Kanabur, 2012).

Phenice (1969 refered to in MacLaughlin and Bruce 1990) characterized three morphoscopic attributes related with female or male innominate bones:

"Ventral Arc: A somewhat lifted edge of bone which develops frame the pubic peak and circular segments poorly over the ventral surface to the horizontal most estension of the sub-pubcis concavity where it mixes with the average fringe of the ischio-pubic ramus.

Subpubic Concavity: A parallel recurve in the ischio-pubic ramus a short separation beneath the lower edge of the pubic symphysis.

Ischiopubic Ridge: An edge on the ischio-pubic ramus quickly beneath the symphyseal surface. "

The ventral curve is just present in the female os innominatum, a comparative edge is available in the male os innominatum, however it is not a ventral curve all things considered (Phenice, 1969). Guys additionally need in a parallel recurve in the ischio-pubic ramus, which is available in females (Phenice, 1969). The ischiopubic edge is just present in the females, yet an expansive surface is available on the ischio-pubic ramus (Phenice, 1969).

When utilizing this morphoscopic strategy each of the three elements are considered, whereby no less than two elements must show a similar sex (MacLaughlin and Bruce 1990, Bruzek 2002). Diverse systems for morphoscopic characteristics in the innominate bones have been introduced by Iscan and Derreck (1984) and Ferembach et al. (1980) to upgrade the exactness and accuracy of visual strategies. Another technique for sexing an individual depends on osteometrics of various components of the innominate (Phenice 1969, MacLaughlin and Bruce 1990, Albanese 2003). Washburn (1948,1949 refered to in Phenice 1969) advanced an ischium-pubis list, which is utilized as a part of estimations of the separations between ischium some portion of the innominate and pubic piece of the innominate as a rule. Albanese (2003) took estimations of the unrivaled pubic ramus rather than the conventional pubic length estimation and the long bones, the review showed an assignment precision of 98%. When measuring the lenth of the pubic piece of the innominate it is principal to perceive the area of the key point of interest in the hip bone socket, where the illium, pubis and ischium combine in adolescence to maintain a strategic distance from estimation blunders (Albanese, 2003). Metric strategies assessing sex of the individual seem more target and repeatable, they are less one-sided by past eyewitness encounters and the information can be utilized to draw examinations (MacLaughlin and Bruce 1990).

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