#1-5 STUDENT NAME: ORGANISM 15 coNTACT OR VECTOR BORNE NFECTIOUS DISEASE ORGANIS
ID: 81048 • Letter: #
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#1-5
STUDENT NAME: ORGANISM 15 coNTACT OR VECTOR BORNE NFECTIOUS DISEASE ORGANISMS 1. CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Category: (ie. bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus) Gram Rxs if bacteria: (if not bacteria, indicate Not Applicable) Unique/key characteristics: (ie. capsule, cysts, endospores, AND ke morphological information) 2. DISEASE(s): (Use technically accurate name & if applicable common name) Specifics regarding transmission mechanism (i.e. vehicle, vector, any relevant info) 3. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: (specify if differences between male & female symptoms; Title of slide: any key age groups affected) 4. TREATMENT. (specify drugs used; any key factors in successful treatment; any Magnification: resistance issues; cure rate; age differences) If no slide, specific source: 5. PREVENTION: (include if vaccine or not & who to be vaccinated; specific precautions to prevent contracting/spreading)Explanation / Answer
It is a Gram negative coffee bean shaped diplococci bacteria.i.e.
CATEGORY-BACTERIA
GRAM-NEGATIVE
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS-Non spore forming, non motile, encapsulated, non acid fast bacteria. It requires an aerobic environment with added CO2. Its gram negative meaning that it does not hold on the crystal violet dye in the gram staining test. It contains peptidoglycan layer next to its cytoplasmic membrane. It also contains an additional outer membrane that is composed of phospholipids and lipopolysaccaharides that face the external environment.
DISEASES-The symptom of infection of N. gonorrhoeae differ depending on the site of infection. 10% of infected males and 80% of infected females are asymptomatic.
Infection of the genitals can cause a pururlent discharge from the genitals which can be foul smelling. Symptoms may include inflammation, redness, swelling and dysuria.
N. gonorrhoeae may also cause conjunctivitis,proctitis, pharyngitis, urethritis, and orchitis.
Disseminated N. Gonorrhoeae infection can lead to endocarditis, meningitis, or gonococcal dermatitis-arthritis syndrome.
In females the infection can also cause pelvic inflammatory disease. If left untreated it can result in infertility.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
In women the major genito-urinary symptoms of gonorrhoeae include the following:-
- Vaginal discharge- The most common symptom is the vaginal discharge from endocervicitis. The discharge is thin, purulent, mildly odorous. Many patient are minimally asymptomatic or asymptomatic from the gonococcal cervicitis.
-Dysuria
-Intermenstrual bleeding
-Dyspareunia
-Mild lower abdominal pain
If the infection progresses to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), the following symptoms occur:-
-Lower abdominal pain
-Increased vaginal discharge ot mucopurulent urethral discharge
-Dysuria
-Cervical motion tenderness
-Adenaxal tenderness or adenaxal mass
-Intermenstrual bleeding
-Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting
In males the genito-urinatry problems are the following:-
-Urethritis- major manifestation of genecoccal infection in males, initial characteristics are burning micturition and a serious discharge, a few days later the discharge becomes more profuse, purulent and at times tinged with blood.
- Acute epididymitis- usually unilateral and often occurs in conjunction with a urethral exudate.
-Uretharl Strictures- have become uncommon in the antibiotic era. But can present a decreased and abnormal urine stream, as well as with the secondary complication of prostatitis and cystitis.
-Rectal Infection-May present with pain. pruritus, discharge ot tenesmus.
-Gonococcal dermatitis-arthritis syndrome is an example of Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI). Joint ot tendon pain is the most common in the early stage. Second stage is characterized by septic arthritis. Knee is the most common site of purulent gonococcal arthritis.
TREATMENT- If N. gonorrhoeae is resistant to the penicillin family then Ceftriaxone is often used, it inhibits the cell wall growth. Azithromycin inhibits the bacterial growth by blocking the dissociation of peptidyl transfer RNA from Ribosomes causing the RNA dependent protein synthesis to arrest. , Cefixime inhibits the bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin binding protreins., Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis thus bacterial growth by binding to the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit. , Erythromycin used only in ophthalmic use.
PREVENTION
Due to the development of the drug resistant strains the vaccines are often thought to be of more importance. There is also the prevention by the use of latex barriers, use of the dental dams by restricting the partners.
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