Which of the following are correct statements about the pathway of glycolysis? a

Question

Which of the following are correct statements about the pathway of glycolysis? a) occurs in the cytosol of the cell b) major reactants include NAD + and ADP c) major products of glycolysis include acetyl-CoA, NADH and ATP d) a ten step pathway where glucose, ADP and NAD+ leads to two molecules of pyruvate. NADH and ATP e) the source of ATP production in tissues not containing mitochondria f) a pathway where glucosc-6-P and NADP^+ are converted to NADPH and sugar phosphates Which of the following are true of the citric acid cycle? (choose all correct) a) the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria of the cell; b) the citric acid cycle is an aerobic process c) major products of the citric acid cycle include NAD^+, FAD and ATP d) reduced coenzymes of NADH and FADH_2 are produced as a product of the citric acid cycle e) all of the reactions of the citric acid cycle take place in the cytosol. Which of the following pertain to the pathway of fatty acid oxidation? Choose all of the correct statements. a) Starting materials include pyruvate, nucleoside triphosphates and NADH b) Starting materials include fatty acids, NAD+ and FAD; c) catabolic pathway d) mostly cytosolic but some reactions take place in the mitochondria e) functions only in the presence of oxygen; f) localized to the mitochondria g) stage 3 catabolism h) products of this pathway include acetyl CoA and the coenzymes NADH and FADH_2. Which of the following are true of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? a) In the electron transport chain, a series of reactions moves electrons through carriers. b) The major reactants in the electron transport chain are either NADH or FADH_2 c) the electron transport chain operates independently of ocher metabolic processes. d) The major products of electron transport are H_2 O and NAD^+ e) the major products of oxidative phosphorylation is/are ATP f) the electron transport chain takes place in the cytosol g) oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria For each of the following, answer the question as directed by the question. 1. What are two classes of biological molecules that have been demonstrated to have catalytic activity? (3) 2. The third step of glycolysis is made up of the two follow mg reactions. i. Fructose-6-phosphate + Pi rightarrow Fructose 1.6 bisphosphate + H_2 O Delta G degree = + 16.3 kJ/mol ii. ATP + H_2 O rightarrow ADP + Pi Delta G degree = - 30.5 kJ/mol What is the overall reaction for the coupled reaction combining i and ii in the direction of the spontaneous reaction? (3) 3. An enzyme catalyzes a reaction with a Km of 7.50 mM and Vmax of 2.85 mM s^-1. Calculate the reaction velocity, V_o for a substrate concentration of 7.50 mM 1.43 mM s^-1

Explanation / Answer

25.Ans- a,d

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6 into pyruvate and CH3COCOO + H+.

a) Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell.

b) Major reactants are glucose and 2 ATP molecules

c) Major products are 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP

d) At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of pyuruvate , 2 molecule of NADH and 2 molecules of ATP

e) Glycolysis is the initial stage of glucose metabolism which takes place in the cytosol and does not involve molecular O2 and produces a small amount of ATP and the three-carbon compound pyruvate. Cells also can produce ATP by a process called substrate-level phosphorylation catalyzed by water-soluble enzymes in the cytosol but plants can also produce ATP by using the energy of sunlight in chloroplasts .

f) In glycolysis following reaction takes palce

1 Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP

26.Ans- a, b,d

a) In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.

b) It is a aerobic process because oxygen is needed to remove carbon as CO2

c) Two GTP, six NADH, 2 FADH2and four CO2.

d) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that produces two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2.

e) In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria but in prokaryotes it take place in the cytoplasm

28.Ans- a,b, f

a) An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors

b) Reactants are hydrogen ion, oxygen, NADH, FADH2

c) ETC cannot operates independently of other metabolic process because all of the electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH_2 molecules that produced during cellular respiration in glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. Besides these, energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is used by chemiosmosis to make .Then the electron transport chain along with chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation

d) Products are water and ATP.

e) Products of Oxydative phosphorylation are -2 pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, 2 ATP, 2 molecules of NADH, and 2 hydrogen ions (H+).

f) ETC takes place in the mitochondria

g) Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial

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