The following three structures are used during the p of translation. State how e

Question

The following three structures are used during the p of translation. State how each process used during the process of translation AND describe how the process of translation would be affected if each of these structures was altered that they did function correctly. (DO NOT just say that translation would not happen, be specific about how the process would change.) a. Ribosome b. tRNA c Protein release factor A mutation in the TYR gene produces a protein that has a different structure than the original tyrosinase protein, thus creating a second TYR allele. This TYR allele, produces a tyrosinase protein that results in less melanin second production. The phenotype associated with this allele is blond hair, blue eyes and light colored skin.

Explanation / Answer

ANSWER:

RIBOSOME:

In translation, messenger RNA is decoded by a ribosome, outside the nucleus, to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.

The basic process of protein production is addition of one amino acid at a time to the end of a protein. This operation is performed by a ribosome. A ribosome is made up of two subunits, a small subunit and a large subunit. these subunits come together before translation of mRNA into a protein to provide a location for translation to be carried out and a polypeptide to be produced

tRNA:

The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes through and is read by the ribosome.

tRNA proceeds in initiation and elongation

PROTEIN RELEASE FACTOR:

Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon UAA, UAG, on the mRNA. tRNA usually cannot recognize or bind to stop codons. Instead, the stop codon induces the binding of a release factor protein that prompts the disassembly of the entire ribosome/mRNA complex and the hydrolysis and the release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome. Drugs or special sequence motifs on the mRNA can change the ribosomal structure so that near-cognate tRNAs are bound to the stop codon instead of the release factors. In such cases of 'translational readthrough', translation continues until the ribosome encounters the next stop codon.

If the factors not work properlydecrease in protein translationoccurs, resulting in reduced cell growth and cell death. Therefore, it is expected that mutations inribosomal proteins or ribosome biogenesis factors would result in embryonic lethality

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