The enzymes weaken substrate bonds chemically and/or by mechanically and that io

Question

The enzymes weaken substrate bonds chemically and/or by mechanically and that ionic cofactors may participate in substrate activation in the enzyme active site. When analyzing an enzymatic reaction, it is helpful to think in terms of the attacking group in one substrate and its target in the other substrate. For each of the following reactions, name and describe the attacking functional group, the atom which actually makes the nucleophillic attack, the target functional group, and the target atom within that group. For each reaction identify how each substrate is made more reactive and the specific means by which this is accomplished. There will be some similarities and differences in these reactions lf any of the specific explanations for a given reaction are unknown, explain any possible answers which are currently under consideration. 4) Peptidyl transferase reaction

Explanation / Answer

Answer-

An enzyme is a bilogical catalyst that speed up the physiological or chemical reaction , mostly happens in living body..

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction of chemical reactions by lowering the free energy barrier that separate the reactants from products

Enzyme catalysis occurs to increase the rate of chemical reaction by the active site of a protein .

Enzyme act on specific substrate to form enzyme-substrate complex, that involves

a) non co-valent forces such as vanderwaals, electrostatic hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions

b) geometric complementarity c) Electronic complementarity d) Induced fit upon substrate binding and e) Lock and key model (proposed by Emil Fischer)

some enzymes need co-enzyme or co-factors for their reactions.

from the period of substrate to formation of product state is called transition period..

The three stages of covalent catalysis are (i) Nucleophilic attack of enzyme on substrate (ii) withdrawal of electrons and (iii) Elimination of catalysis by reversion

Nucleophilicity of a substance is related to its basicity.

PEPTIDE TRANSFER-

The substrate -enzyme complex formation occurs first and then activation of petide group and finally peptde transfers to the pduct is call peptide transfer reaction

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