Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and m

Question

Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.4

Sodium carbonate is often added to laundry detergents to soften hard water and make the detergent more effective. Suppose that a particular detergent mixture is designed to soften hard water that is 3.4 times 10?3M in Ca^+2 and 1.2 times 10?3M in Mg^+2 and that the average capacity of a washing machine is 20.0 gallons of water. If the detergent requires using 0.66kg detergent per load of laundry, determine what percentage (by mass) of the detergent must be sodium carbonate in order to completely precipitate all of the calcium and magnesium ions in an average load of laundry water.

Explanation / Answer

1gallon=4l

moles of Ca^2+ and Mg^2+ are=(3.4+1.2)*0.001*4*20=0.368

2moles of Na^+ precipitate 0ne mole of Ca^2+ or one mole of Mg^2+

in 0.66kg of detergent,2*0.368 moles of sod. carbonate is there

or in 0.66kg of detergent,2*152*0.368=111.88 grams of sod. carbonate is there

weight %=111.88/(0.6*1000)*100= 18.64%

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