Mutations in DNA occur in the genomes of most organisms, including humans. What
ID: 78315 • Letter: M
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Mutations in DNA occur in the genomes of most organisms, including humans. What the most important result of these mutations? a) They produce new genes for the individual. b) They produce new enzymes for the individual. c) They provide a source of new cells for the individual. d. They provide a fundamental source of genetic variation for future generations e) They produce new chromosomes for future generations. Which of the following is a characteristic of mutations in DNA? a) They are usually expressed and result in possible changes for the individual. b) They are usually expressed and cause significant problems for the individual. c) Those that occur in the body cells of a parent are usually passed on to their children. d) They usually occur at very high rates in most genes. e) They result in different versions of a gene within the population. What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and chromosomes? a) Genes are composed of DNA and lie within chromosomes. b) Genes are separate entities from either DNA or chromosomes. c) Genes are found only in chromosomes and not DNA. d) Genes are found only in DNA and not chromosomes. e) Chromosomes are composed of genes but not DNA. What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes in higher organisms? a) Chromosomes are found within DNA. b) DNA is found within chromosomes. c) There is no difference between DNA and chromosomes. d) DNA and chromosomes are completely separate structures. e) Chromosomes produce DNA. An individual is found to have a mutation in a gene associated with breast cancer. which cells is this form of the gene located? a) Only in cells of the breast where cancer occurred. b) only in cells of both breasts. c) only in those cells found in females. d) Only in the cells of the breast and ovaries e) All the cells of the individual.Explanation / Answer
Ans56. d) is the correct answer. Non-lethal mutations accumulate within the gene pool and increase the amount of genetic variation. The abundance of some genetic changes within the gene pool can be "more favorable" mutations accumulating and resulting in adaptive changes.
Ans57. c) is the correct answer. The only mutations that matter to large-scale evolution are those that can be passed on to offspring. These occur in reproductive cells like eggs and sperm and are called germ line mutations. A single germ line mutation can have a range of effects. No change occurs in phenotype.
Ans58. a) is the correct answer. Chromosomes are paired long chains within a cell nucleus that are composed of genes (about 20,000 genes per chromosome pair), which are made up of the chemical substance called DNA.
Ans59. b) is the correct answer. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
Ans60. d) is the correct answer Most inherited cases of breast cancer are associated with two abnormal genes: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene two). Everyone has BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The function of the BRCA genes is to repair cell damage and keep breast and ovarian growing normally.
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