help with b and c please B) Oxygen had a much higher concentration in the atmosp

Question

help with b and c please

B) Oxygen had a much higher concentration in the atmosphere during the Carboniferous andPermian periods than it does today. Insects do not have a circulatory system for transportingoxygen. They have a respiratory system that relies much more on diffusion than ours does. Whywould especially high concentrations of oxygen allow insects to grow larger than they do today?

C)Some dragonfly relatives during the Carboniferous had wingspans up to 2.5 feet. How is flyingdifferent for such an insect than for a fairy fly? Is gravity or friction a bigger problem for the fairyfly? Why? Is gravity or friction a bigger problem for the dragonfly? Why?

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Insects (in arthropods) do not have a circulatory system for transporting oxygen but they have efficient respiratory trachea & spiracles (on exoskeleton) to mediate gaseous exchange efficiently through process of simple diffusion as per concentration gradient. However, oxygen had a much higher concentration in the atmosphere during the Carboniferous and Permian periods than it does today. Especially high concentrations of oxygen allow insects to grow larger than they do today because they have efficient respiratory muscles to pump oxygen for metabolic activity so that more muscle mass will be added via division with rapid elimination of CO2 out of tissues.

Ques-2:

Dragonfles have differential structural features with respect to flight mainly in terms of wingspan approximately 2.5 feet, specifically they evolved during the Carboniferous period. In case of wing traits, dragon field developed their "flying train associated with wings" from thoracic area in which the flight muscles are attached directly to their wings along with neuronal innervations used for nerve impulses that enable efficient flight in these invertebrates. Other insects use their indirect flight mechanisms for fair flying along with vibration of thorax. The gravity with body size is the bigger problem for fair in these species of both Dragon fly & insects

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