1. Which cardiorespiratory parameters change during the transition from rest to
ID: 78133 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Which cardiorespiratory parameters change during the transition from rest to exercise, andwhich of these can exhibit plasticity due to aerobic training? In your answer, you should include terms and processes such as gas transport cascade, VO2,ventilation, tidal volume, total pulmonary ventilation, alveolar ventilation, dead space, PAO2,diffusion, hemoglobin, Hb-O2 dissociation curve, Hb-O2 affinity, hematocrit, blood oxygencarrying capacity, cardiac output, heart rate, pacemaker cells, SA node, funny channels, stroke volume, Frank-Starling mechanism, contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, preload, afterload, totalperipheral resistance, and arteriovenous O2 difference.
Explanation / Answer
1.The cardiac output is the amount of blood given out to the body by the heart per minute. mathematically, the cardiac output is the product of the heart rate, i.e number of beats per minute, and the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped per beat.
CO = HR X SV
The cardiac output is frequently expressed in liters/minute. For a person weighing about 70 kg (154 lbs), the cardiac output at rest is approximately 5 liters/minute. In this case, if the heart rate is 70 beats/min, the stroke volume would be a little more than 70 ml/beat.
2. The Frank–Starling law/mechanism of the heart demonstrates the relationship between end-diastolic volume and stroke volume.it says that before contraction of ventricles, when all other factors remain constant the stroke volume of the heart rises in due to an increase in the volume of blood in the ventricles, before contraction
3. hemoglobin is a protein moiety meant for exchange of gasses like oxygen and carbon dioxide
4.Funny channel- the pacemaker potential occurs due to a specialized channel called as HCN channels (Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated). theses are very unusual channels because they open at very negative voltages and allows the passage of both the cations (K+ and Na+) hence called as funny channels or funny currents
5. alveolar ventilation means exchange or movement of air between surrounding and the alveoli
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