a) From the list below, indicate all the items, which, if not working properly ,

Question

a) From the list below, indicate all the items, which, if not working properly, would lead to increased infections with pyogenic bacteria.

TH1 cells                   

MHC II   

RAG1/2                   

Tissue macrophages           

dendritic cells                   

TLR 4                        

NK cells                   

C3

selectins                   

RIG-like receptors

b) You are now told that in addition to the pyogenic bacteria, the patient also gets other types of infections, including fungal and viral infections. Based on this new information, make a new list (from the choices above) of the things that might be wrong with the patient. If you removed an item (from the stuff you indicated in (a), explain why, based on its function. If you added an item, also explain why. Any item on your list must explain all of the patient’s immunodeficiencies.

Explanation / Answer

Ans. 1)

TH1 or t helper cells- acts by activating macrophages to release cytokines and activate phagocytosis. Deficiency may lead to pyogenic infection

MHC ll - it acts by presenting pathogen to T helper cells and activate immune reaction. Deficiency may lead to pyogenic infection

RAG1/2- these genes encode protein which are vital for t and b cell synthesis. These cell further activate immune reaction. Deficiency may lead to pyogenic infection

Tissue macrophages - these are cells which engulf pathogenic organism. Deficiency may lead to pyogenic infection

Dendritic cell- these are antigen presenting cells which modify pathogen Ans present it to t and b cells. Deficiency may lead to pyogenic infection

TLR4- these cell leads to signalling of immune system and release of cytokines

NK cells- no action as it acts on viral infection

C3 cells- t cell require c3 to act on intracellular bacterial infection

Selectins and RIG like receptors acts in presence of viral infections. No effect on deficiency

Ans.2)

Selectins

RIG like receptors

TH1 cells- infected by virus like HIV and their number depletes

MHC ll

Tissue macrophages - due to depleting number of th1 cell, they might also get affected by virus.

Rag1/2

Dendritic cells - major virus presenting cells

Tlr 4

NK cells

C3

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