Each of the statements below attempts to explain why some periodic property vari

Question

Each of the statements below attempts to explain why some periodic property varies predictably among elements in the periodic table. Determine if each statement is true or false. _____Within a period, elements with higher atomic numbers have higher electronegativity because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. _____Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers have atoms of larger radius because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. _____Within a period, elements with lower atomic numbers have lower ionization energy because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. _____Within a family, elements with lower atomic numbers pull less strongly on electrons in a bond because the valance electrons are in lower principal energy levels. _____Within a family, elements with lower atomic numbers have higher ionization energy because the valance electrons are in lower principal energy levels. _____Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers have lower electronegativity because the valance electrons are in lower principal energy levels.

Explanation / Answer

All the statements are false. However analyzing each phrase is instructive. Within a period, elements with lower atomic numbers have atoms of smaller radius FALSE because the atoms have higher effective nuclear charge. FALSE fewer protons = less nuclear charge. Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers have atoms of smaller radius FALSE: Radius increases down a column. because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. TRUE Within a period, elements with higher atomic numbers have lower electronegativity FALSE: more protons = stronger nuclear pull = greater electronegativity. because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. FALSE: across a period, the s and p sublevels are in the same principal energy level. Within a family, elements with lower atomic numbers pull more strongly on electrons in a bond, TRUE: F has greatest electronegativity. Cs among the lowest because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. FALSE: higher energy levels have lower EN. Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers require more energy to remove an electron from the atom, FALSE: IE is greater at top of column. Higher atomic number = bigger radius = more shielding = lower IE. because the valance electrons are in lower principal energy levels. FALSE: higher atomic number = higher energy level. Within a period, elements with lower atomic numbers have lower ionization energy TRUE because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels. FALSE principal energy level for s and p sublevels doesn't change across a period.

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