A prophylactic vaccine for human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with cancer w
ID: 74461 • Letter: A
Question
A prophylactic vaccine for human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with cancer was licensed in 2006. The vaccine contains antigens of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18. Consider the following hypothetical results of the incidence of cervical cancer carried out in the future. No knowledge of HPV immunization status of the study participants is needed to answer the questions. In 2020, the CDC collected 500 cervix samples from women 50+ years of age with cervical cancer, and from 500 women without cervical disease. All samples were tested for HPV. Within the cervical cancer cases, HPV was detected as follows: HPV16, 185 cases; HPV18, 60 cases; HPV51, 20 cases. In control women, HPV was detected as follows: HPV16, 20 controls; HPV18, 8 controls; HPV51, 6 controls. In 2060, CDC again collected 500 cervix samples from women 50+ years of age. All samples were tested for HPV. Within the cervical cancer cases, HPV was detected as follows: HPV16, 30 cases; HPV18, 40 cases; HPV51, 220 cases. In control women, HPV was detected as follows: HPV16, 2 controls; HPV18, 6 controls; HPV51, 18 controls. What was the effect of the HPV vaccine on cervical cancer caused by HPV16 in the interval between 2020 and 2060?Explanation / Answer
Period Prevalence ratio is decrease over the period of time. It is found that in 2020 the ratio was 0.12 while in 2060 the ratio is 0.08. Mathematical expression is as follows.
Period prevalence (ratio) = Number of cases that occurred in a specific period ÷ Number of people in the population during this period.
Point 2 is recommended. Based on vaccination efficiency calculation existing HPV vaccine is already effective for prevention. Mathematical expression of Vaccination efficiency as follows.
VE = (ARU - ARV)/ARU (x 100)
Where ARU represented attack rate (AR) between the unvaccinated (ARU), ARV represented attack rate (AR) between the vaccinated (ARV)
Period Prevalence ratio is decrease over the period of time. It is found that in 2020 the ratio was 0.12 while in 2060 the ratio is 0.08. Mathematical expression is as follows.
Period prevalence (ratio) = Number of cases that occurred in a specific period ÷ Number of people in the population during this period.
Point 2 is recommended. Based on vaccination efficiency calculation existing HPV vaccine is already effective for prevention. Mathematical expression of Vaccination efficiency as follows.
VE = (ARU - ARV)/ARU (x 100)
Where ARU represented attack rate (AR) between the unvaccinated (ARU), ARV represented attack rate (AR) between the vaccinated (ARV)
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