Does fusion of the haploid gametes produce a diploid or haploid cell? What is a

Question

Does fusion of the haploid gametes produce a diploid or haploid cell?

What is a fertilized egg called?

When during the human life cycle is the diploid number of chromosomes restored?

List the activities of the four phases of nuclear division during meiosis I?

List the activities of the four phases of nuclear division during meiosis II?

What are homologous chromosomes?

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

Which unique activity takes place during Prophase I? Briefly explain “crossing over”.

How are the homologous chromosomes lined up during Metaphase I?

10.When homologous chromosomes are next to each other (side by side) during Metaphase I, what is that arrangement referred to as?

Explanation / Answer

1.Fusion of the haploid gametes will result into diploid cell called as zygote.

2.Fertilised egg is called zygote.

3. Durinf the reproduction when egg and sperm whch are haploid cells fuse together form diploid cell. So During zygote formation (meiosis)the the diploid number of chromosomes restored.

4. four phases of nuclear division during meiosis I are:

Prophase I - chromosomes have duplicated, homologous chromosomes pair during synapsis and crossing over occurs

Metaphase I - homologous pairs of chromosome align independently at the equator

Anaphase I - homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the pole

Telophase I - daughter cells have one chromosome from each homologous pair

5. activities of the four phases of nuclear division during meiosis II are:

Prophase II- cells have one chromosome from each haploid cell.

Metaphase II - chromosomes align at the equator

Anaphase - sister chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes

Telophase II - spindles disappears, nuclei from and cytokinesis takes place.

6. Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes which are similar but not identical, as they have same genes in same order however the alleles for trait can diffre.One chromosome come from mother and one from father.

7. Human have 23 pair of chromosomes and hence there are 46 chromosomes in human.

8. During prophase I the two chromatids of of two homologous pair become intimately associated along their entire lengths and crossing over and recombination of genetic material between non sister chromatidstakes place and results in the genetically unidentical, haploid daughter chromatid cells.

"crossing over”- It is a process of exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes and results into recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.

9.homologous chromosomes lined up during Metaphase I in random fashion as the tetrad formed in prophase I move to the plane called metaphase plate and then spindle fibres attach the centromere of the two chromosomes. Both kinetochores of each sister chromatid pair are turned toward the same pole. As a result, both kinetochores attach to spindle fibers from the same pole.

10. When homologous chromosomes are next to each other (side by side) during Metaphase I, what is that arrangement referred to as Synapsis

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