What is the definition of cytokinesis? What are the four phases of mitosis (nucl

Question

What is the definition of cytokinesis?

What are the four phases of mitosis (nuclear division) in order?

What are the activities that take place during Prophase?

During which phase do the chromosomes line up?

Explain what happens to the chromosomes during Anaphase.

During what phase does the nucleolus reappear?

If you looked under a microscope at a cell during interphase would you see chromosomes? If not, then when would you see chromosomes?

The cell cycle for animal and plant cells are very similar except for cytokinesis. Explain the difference of cytokinesis between plant and animal cells.

Show both animal and plant cells undergoing Mitotic Cell Division.   For both cell types, start off with a parent cell with a diploid number of 2 (2n = 2), use different colors to indicate maternal and paternal homologues in a homologous pair. Your pictures should include all structures that are appropriate per stage in the cell’s life cycle and stages during mitosis! For instance, when moving from G2 of interphase to Prophase (of Mitosis) you should illustrate that the nucleolus has disintegrated…

Explanation / Answer

1). Cytokinesis is the separation of cytoplasm. Mitotic phase of cell cycle includes both mitosis (karyokinesis) and cytokinesis. In animal cells karyokinesis (separation of nucleus) is usually followed by cytokinesis (separation of cytoplasm).

2). Mitosis is usually divided into four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the division of nuclear material starts with the doubling of chromosomes, followed by distribution between two daughter nuclei in equal proportion.

Prophase is the first phase of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. During this phase, cohesion that is present throughout the length of the chromatids is removed except at the centromere. The chromatids become more visible during this phase.

During the metaphase, two chromatids are formed from each chromosome by longitudinal splitting. These chromatids form the chromosomes of daughter cells.

During anaphase, centromeres are pulled and the chromatids become separated and move towards the opposite poles. These chromatids now are the chromosomes of the daughter cells, and are pulled towards the centrioles by means of spindle fibres.

In the stage of telophase, cytoplasmic division of the cell takes place (cytokinesis) during which each of the daughter cell receives one of the daughter nuclei. The interval between each division is called interphase.

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