48. The figure shows a nephron. Filtration takes place in the structure labeled

Question

48. The figure shows a nephron. Filtration takes place in the structure labeled A) A B) B C) C D) D 49. Which of the following adaptations would you expect to see in a mouse species that lives in the desert? A) increased levels of aquaporins in the ascending loop of Henle B) increased levels of aquaporins in the descending loop of Henle C) shorter juxtamedulary nephrons D) fewer juxtamedullary nephrons 50. Which of the following accurately describes the specific signaling molecules and order in which they are activated in the cellular responses to anti-diuretic hormone ADH or epinophrine? A) GPCR, G-protein, adenylate cyclase, PKA B) EGF, RTK, G-protein, TRP channel C) RTK, MAP kinase, transcription factor D) GPCR, phospholipase C, IP3, calcium 51. A biotech company develops a new drug that prevents binding of ADH to its receptor. What would you expect might be a side effect of this drug? frequent urination B) loss of appetite C) high blood pressure 52. The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. This is an important feature of osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates because A) absorptive processes taking place in the loop of Henle are hormonally regulated B) the loop of Henle plays an important role in detoxification C) additional filtration takes place along the loop of Henle D) differential permeabilities of ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle are important in establishing an osmotic gradient 53. What is the function of the osmotic gradient found in the kidney? The osmotic gradient allows for A) the filtration of large cells at the glomerulus B) electrolytes to move from low to high concentrations in the absence of ATP C) the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes D) the loop of Henle to deliver water directly to the renal vein Page 7 of 22

Explanation / Answer

48). A. Bowman's capsule.

Ultrafiltration f urine take place in the Bowman's capsule of the nephron. The capillaries pass through the capsule and filtration take place due to the pressure gradient. The urine passes through the nephron, where 99.9% of the filtrate is reabsorbed and remaining 0.1% enters into the collecting ducts.

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