• Regulation is the turning on and off of molecular, subcellular and cellular pr

Question

• Regulation is the turning on and off of molecular, subcellular and cellular processes. What are the roles of Post-translational modification, signal transduction, the genome regulatory network in the regulation of development. Give several examples of their roles in developmental processes and evolution • Regulation is the turning on and off of molecular, subcellular and cellular processes. What are the roles of Post-translational modification, signal transduction, the genome regulatory network in the regulation of development. Give several examples of their roles in developmental processes and evolution

Explanation / Answer

Protein post-translational modifications increase the functional diversity of a protein by attaching functional groups, proteolytic cleavage of regulatory subunits, and modifying amino acids.

Signal transduction allows the transfer of signal coming from the cell’s exterior into the cell’s interior, and also amplifies the signal. Signal transduction allows the cell to respond quickly to the changes.

Gene expression is one the tightly controlled process in a cellular mechanism. This regulation ensures the production of correct amount of protein when the cell needs. Some of the genes must be controlled at the early stages, so that the cells would not waste energy for transcription, translation and posttranslational processes etc. There are many gene regulation mechanisms.

•           Genes can be regulated at the DNA level-regulation of chromatin domains

•           Post-transcriptional modification

•           Regulation of RNA transport

•           Post-translational modifications

•           Regulation at the level of mRNA-mRNA silencing

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