A 31-year old graduate study from Peru visited the emergency room complaining of

Question

A 31-year old graduate study from Peru visited the emergency room complaining of fever, headache, body aches, painful urination, and sore throat. Questioning by the emergency room personnel revealed he had returned less than two weeks ago from visiting home for the holidays and had been suffering form developing symptoms for at least six days. Their examination also revealed fever of 103 F, slow heartbeat, and a tender abdomen. He was admitted to the hospital for further tests. The next morning the fever and symptoms remained and clusters of small spots speared on the chest and abdomen. The patient complained of severe exhaustion. Over the course of time, the fever dropped gradually and the symptoms subsided. This organism was cultured from blood, stool, sputum, and urine specimens.

1) What was the bacterium’s identity?

2) Is there a vaccine currently in use for this organism? If so, how is it produced and administered?

3) Which branch of adaptive immunity (cellular or humoral) would play the most significant role in defeating this illness? Explain

4) Would recovery from this infection normally lead to lasting immunity from a second infection? Explain how this protection is provided.

5) Describe the expected immunological course of events during the infection, development of disease, and recovery of this patient including the following information: a. The means by which specific clones are formed and activated b. The role of macrophage in the process c. The classes of immunoglobulins responsible for the first response and main response to the pathogen d. The way immunological memory is generated

Explanation / Answer

1). The infection is strep throat and it is caused by streptococcal bacteria (group B). These bacteria infect the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body aches. Throat infections caused by streptococcal bacteria may cause "post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis" if left untreated. The bacteria cause inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the glomerular filtration. Decreased urine filtration causes oedema (swelling of body organs).

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