Question 1 Regulation is the Turning on and Off of Molecular, Subcellular and Ce

Question

Question 1

Regulation is the Turning on and Off of Molecular, Subcellular and Cellular Processes.What are the roles of Post-translational Modification, Signal Transduction, The Genome Regulatory Network in the Regulation of Development. Give Several Examples of Their Roles in Developmental Processes and Evolution.

Question2.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton, i.e. microfilaments & microtubules, in developmental processes in C.elegans? Describe Mechanisms and Give Examples of Cytoskeletal Involvement in Several Developmental Processes.

Question 3.

Describe the Roles of Sensory Neurons and Signal Transduction in the Dauer/Adult Decision Point in C. elegans. What Ecological Problem is this Addressing and how does it solve the problem?

Question 4.

              Describe Modifications to Developmental Processes that Occur in Different Taxa of Nematodes. Take one of the processes , Either blastomere formation, gastrulation, or Organogenesis of one Organ, and describe both how it varies, and what the evolutionary/Developmental impact is.

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1
Post translational modification (also referred as PTM) are generally covalent changes that takes place in protein either after or during the end of protein synthesis, and thus named to be post translational changes. PTM in proteins is known to have an important role in regulation of protein function and various signal transduction pathways. PTM takes place either at the terminal of protein or at the R group of amino acid residue. Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation is the most common kind of PTM known to occur in protein which regulate different cellular functions. Other forms of PTMs such as glycosylation, lipidation and methylation also play an important role in proper folding, targeting and recognition of proteins.
In most of the signal transduction cascades the phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation is the key role player passing the signal from molecule of the cascade to another. And an inability of a protein to accommodate PTM can block the signal to pass from end of the cascade to another hampering development in one or the other way. Also the proteins which cannot undergo post translational modification are mostly mis-folded or are not efficiently targeted to site of action causing cell to lose its working efficiency and thus hampering growth and development. The gene regulatory proteins also undergo various PTM to activate them and PTM is necessary to form the regulation complexes such as polymerase complex or in form of inducer or repressor of a gene.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse Q
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.