A few days after hiking at Sugarloaf Mountain your friend, Caroline, developed a

Question

A few days after hiking at Sugarloaf Mountain your friend, Caroline, developed a bull’s-eye rash on her leg. A week later she had a bad headache, body aches and slight fever. Her doctor suspected Lyme disease. A blood test confirmed the diagnosis and the doctor ordered a course of antibiotics, which alleviated Caroline’s symptom within days.

Although you love hiking and rock climbing at Sugarloaf mountain, after this experience you find yourself avoiding going there because of the threat of Lyme disease. You decide to conduct an experiment to determine the risk of contracting Lyme disease while hiking at sugarloaf relative to other mountains in the area.

Question 1 (1 point)

Which hypothesis is best?

Question 1 options:

a)Are there more Lyme disease carrying ticks at Sugarloaf mountain than there are at another surrounding mountain?

b)You are more likely to catch a tick in Sugarloaf mountain than in surrounding hiking mountains.

c)A hiker is more likely to contract Lyme disease while hiking at Sugarloaf Mountain than he/she is while hiking at neighboring mountains.

d)The threat of contracting Lyme disease at Sugarloaf Mountain is less likely among hikers who wear protective clothing/gear that limits their body’s direct contact with the natural terrain

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Question 2 (1 point)

You design an experiment with 4 groups

Group 1. A group of 10 volunteers that hike a 5 mile trail at Sugarloaf Mountain

Group 2. A group of 10 volunteers that hike a 5 mile trail at South Mountain State Park

Group 3. A group of 10 volunteers that hike a 5 mile trail at Catoctin Mountain Park

Group 4. A group of 10 volunteers that drive to Sugarloaf Mountain but never get out of the car and don’t hike

Group 5. A group of 10 volunteers that are intentionally bitten by Borrelia burgdorferi infected ticks caught at Sugarloaf mountain

What are the control groups?

Question 2 options:

a)Groups 1, 2 and 3 are the control groups

b)Groups 4 and 5 are the control groups

c)Group 1 is the control group

d)None of the groups are controls

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Question 3 (1 point)

In the proceeding question, what is the experimental group(s)?

Question 3 options:

a)Group 1 is the experimental group

b)Groups 4 and 5 are the experimental groups

c)Groups 1, 2 and 3 are the experimental groups

d)None of the groups are experimental groups

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Question 4 (1 point)

In question 2, what group is the positive control?

Question 4 options:

a)Group 1 is the positive control

b)Group 4 is the positive control

Group 5 is the positive control

There is no positive control

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Question 5 (1 point)

In question 2, what group is the negative control?

Question 5 options:

a)Group 1 is the negative control

b)Group 4 is the negative control

c)Group 5 is the negative control

d)There is no negative control

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Question 6 (1 point)

Your Lyme experiment has 5 variables. They are:

Variable 1 .The different locations where the volunteers are hiking

Variable 2. Determining whether or not the hikers contract Lyme disease by measuring the presence or absence of a bull’s eye rash 10 days after the hike

Variable 3. Determining whether or not the hikers contract Lyme disease by blood test

Variable 4. All of the groups perform the experiment on the same day and at the same time

Variable 5. None of the groups spray insecticide on their body or clothes

What is the independent variable(s)

Question 6 options:

a)Variable 1 is the independent variable

b)Variables 2 and 3 are the independent variables

c)Variables 4 and 5 are the independent variables

d)All variables are independent

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Question 7 (1 point)

In question 6, what is the dependent variable(s)

Question 7 options:

Variable 1 is the dependent variable

Variables 2 and 3 are the dependent variables

Variables 4 and 5 are the dependent variables

All variables are dependent

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Question 8 (1 point)

In question 6, what is the control variable(s)?

Question 8 options:

Variable 1 is the control variable

Variables 2 and 3 are the contol variables

Variables 4 and 5 are the control variables

All variables are controls

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Question 9 (1 point)

When the experiment is concluded you find that:

1 out of 10 volunteers from group 1 contract Lyme Disease

0 out of 10 volunteers from group 2 contract Lyme Disease

10 out of 10 volunteers from group 3 contract Lyme Disease

0 out of 10 volunteers from group 4 contract Lyme Disease

10 out of 10 volunteers from group 5 contract Lyme Disease

Which is a valid conclusion?

Question 9 options:

The experiment was successful

It is likely that the risk of contracting Lyme disease is not higher at Sugarloaf Mountain than other mountains in the area

The control groups were appropriate and performed well

All of the above

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Question 10 (1 point)

Having completed this experiment, you decide to test another hypothesis. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for a follow up experiment?

Question 10 options:

There more Lyme disease carrying ticks at Catoctin Mountain Park than there are at Sugarloaf mountain or South Mountain State Park.

Hikers that wear protective clothing have a reduced probability of contracting Lyme disease at Catoctin Mountain Park.

Reducing the deer population at Catoctin Mountain Park would reduced the probability of hikers contracting Lyme disease.

All of the above are good hypotheses

a)Are there more Lyme disease carrying ticks at Sugarloaf mountain than there are at another surrounding mountain?

b)You are more likely to catch a tick in Sugarloaf mountain than in surrounding hiking mountains.

c)A hiker is more likely to contract Lyme disease while hiking at Sugarloaf Mountain than he/she is while hiking at neighboring mountains.

d)The threat of contracting Lyme disease at Sugarloaf Mountain is less likely among hikers who wear protective clothing/gear that limits their body’s direct contact with the natural terrain

Explanation / Answer

1. Option A is true

2. Option B is true

3. Option C is true

4. Option C (group 5 is positive control) is true

5. Option B (Group 4 is negative control) is true

6. Option C is true

7. Option B is true

8. Option A is true

9. Option A is true

10. Option C is true (deers are preffered hosts for the ticks that causes Lyme disease which is transmitted zoonotically)

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