True or False? 14. Demercentor spp are the vectors for Borrelia burgdoferi , Bab
ID: 71745 • Letter: T
Question
True or False?
14. Demercentor spp are the vectors for Borrelia burgdoferi , Babesia microti , and Anaplasma
15. Rubella was introduced to Hawaiian islands with devastating results.
16. Rhizobium bacteria form a symbiotic relationship with alfalfa and other legumes
17. Schistosoma japonicum lives in veins that drain the large intestine
F18. Phagocytosis does occur in prokaryotes as far as we know.
19. Prions are usually destroyed by autoclaving and most disinfectants
20. GSS, Kuru, mad cow, Creuztfelt Jakob, scrapie, pinta., chromic wasting diseases and fatal familial insomnia are prion diseases
21. Antibiotics are often made in the stationary phase of growth of bacteria.
22. The prodromal period corresponds to the early log phase of growth in bacteria
23. Heat shock, electroporation . and calcium salts are used to help bacteria take up foreign DNA
24. The autoclave parameters are 121 degrees C , 15psi at 15 minutes and cannot be altered
25. Mycobacteria are usually harder to kill than gram negative bacteria on environmental surfaces
26. A plasmid has proteins , calcium ,keratin dipicolinic acid and almost no water and a mini-cell about .1 microns in diameter.
27. The following could occur in bacterial endospores: resistance genes and genes for toxins.
28. Several known viruses like, the Mimivirus, and Pandora virus have more genes than some bacteria like Chlamydias
29. RNA polymerase does have proof reading ability, but not as good as DNA polymerase
30. The outer membrane of gram positive bacteria has highly antigenic lipopolysaccharides which can cause a septic shock that kills hundreds of thousands of people in US every year
31. The capsule of bacteria is always made of carbohydrates.
32. Axial filaments are found in Borrelia and Treponema and Bordetella species
33. Cyanobacteria, today, are usually oxygenic phototrophs many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen
34. T even bacteriophages need to undergo uncoating in host cell because of their injection mechanism
35 Phage therapy has been tried before, at least twice, D”Herrelle and the Russians and still being used in Russia.
36 St Vitus’s dance is a sequela to streptococcal infections that temporarily damages the basal ganglia
37. Mycobacterium avium, may live in your shower curtain and can cause serious disease in the HIV patient
38.Mycobacterium bovis was main reason for pasteurizing milk
39. Candida is an opportunist and can cause both oral, skin and intestinal infections
40. Marburg, Ebola , Hanta virus, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever are not vector borne diseases
41. Isoniazid , pyrazinamide, streptomycin ethambutol would probably be effective in treating TB
42. Dengue fever is carried by Anopheles spp.
43.Cat scratch fever is often mild to moderate disease, but can be very serious , especially in children , there are about 122,000 of cases every year in US
44. Water and moist soil are reservoirs for Necator americanus ,Ancyostoma duodenale and Strogyloides stercoralis
45. Amphotericin B is a good example of selective toxicity
46. Metronidazole can be used for Entamoeba histolytica and Clostridium difficle , but not Giardia
47. Disinfectants and antiseptics are designed to reduce microbial populations but not necessarily sterilize.
48. Pasteur may deserve credit for saving the French wine , chicken and silk industry.
49. Pasteur tried to make a vaccine against anthrax and ended up with what would become the tuberculin test
50. Biofilms can occur in medical tubing, the middle ear, and on your teeth
51. The following all have capsules: Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Cryptococcus neoformans , Yersinia pestis
52. The most common mode of action of antifungals is interfering with cell wall integrity.
53. Ethambutol and INH have amongst the broadest spectrums of activities know, because they interfere with mycolic acid synthesis.
54. Clotrimazole, capsofungin griseofulvin, miconazole, ketoconazole, Lotrimin, and tolnaftate are antifungals
55. Biaxin might be prescribed for tapeworm parasitism, although albendazole could also be prescibed
56. Avian flu has occurred in the human race before, such as the Spanish Flu.
57. Green biotechnology has used Agrobacterium tumefaciens. to insert genes into animals
58. An effective vaccine for Syphilis has been produced .
59. An attenuated vaccine is able to multiply in host and may cause the disease as well as give it to others
60. Sabine made an inactive virus vaccine for polio
61. Salk made an attenuated vaccine for polio
62. Pasteur made a vaccine for chicken cholera, anthrax , and rabies
63. The Wasserman test for syphilis was a complement fixation tests
64 The southern blotting is a way of comparing similarities in antigens between two organisms.
65. Electrophoresis can be used to separate DNA fragments in a sample.
66. Coccidioidomycosis is concentrated in NW US, but has a relatively low mortality rate
67. Dinoflagellates , like Alexandrium , can cause red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning
68. Viroids are naked RNA parasites of animals
69. Transposons , are found in most organisms, including bacteria
70. RNA polymerase can only move in the 5 prime to 3 prime direction.
71. Exotoxins are heat stabile and usually lipopolysaccharides.
72. Diphtheria toxin is an example of an exotoxin created by lysogenic conversion
proximal73. The lipopolysaccharides coat of gram positive bacteria has killed millions of people.
74. Single stranded DNA is found in the Hepadnaviridae
75. Some viruses have double stranded RNA, such as the Retroviridae
Explanation / Answer
14. Demercentor spp are the vectors for Borrelia burgdoferi , Babesia microti , and Anaplasma --------> TRUE (Demercentor species or Americal dog ticks act as vectors of many disease causing bacteria including Borrelia burgdoferi , Babesia microti , and Anaplasma).
15. Rubella was introduced to Hawaiian islands with devastating results --------> TRUE
16. Rhizobium bacteria form a symbiotic relationship with alfalfa and other legumes -------> TRUE (Rhizobium species are nitrogen fixing soil bacteria that form a symbiotic relationship with alfalfa and other legumes).
17. Schistosoma japonicum lives in veins that drain the large intestine ---------> TRUE (S. japonicum and S. masoni lives mostly in veins that drain the large intestine)
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