EXPERIMENT Separation of the Components of a Mixture OBJECTIVE To use difference

Question

EXPERIMENT Separation of the Components of a Mixture OBJECTIVE To use differences in physical properties of different compounds to separate a mixture of substances, and to determine the percent by mass of these compounds in the mixture. CONCEPT TO BE TESTED Although the composition of mixtures can vary, physical properties of the components differ and can be used to separate the components of a mixture INTRODUCTION Separations of the components of mixtures are performed routinely in chemistry. Each component in a mixture retains its own set of physical prop- erties. You will use the differences in properties to separate silicon dioxide, Sio, sodium chloride, NaCI, and ammonium chloride, NH,Cl from a mix- ture of these compounds. A description of some common properties used in separating mixtures follows. The Solubility Rules are listed in Appendix E. A general discussion of solu- bility is discussed in the Background I1: Solutions, Solubility, and Separation Techniques. The extent tel which a substance is soluble in a solvent depends upon the chemical structures of both the substance and the solvent. In gen- eral, polar compounds, such as sugar, low molecular weight alcohols and carboxylic acids, and ionic compounds, such as KCI and NH,NO, which have ions of low charge density, are soluble in polar solvents such as water Nonpolar substances, such as oils, and higher molecular weight alcohols and carboxylic acids, are soluble in non polar solvents such as toluene or kerosene. Extracting (dissolving) a soluble substance out of a mixture with a solvent is a common separation process. Sublimation is the process by which a solid changes directly to the gaseous state without forming a liquid. Melting is the process by which a solid changes to a liquid by heating. In this experiment you will use sublimation Solubility Sublimation, Melting Points 5%CENGAGE :220

Explanation / Answer

1. Eye protection must be used to avoid any kind of injury to eyes.

During the experiment one must be careful about touching hot glasswares. Tongs should be used to transfer glassware from one step to other.

During weighing after seperation are done machine should be tared.

Dry the crystals very carefully so that they dont break and make sure no water has been left in ynem.

2. A . Sublimation is used when a volatile sublimate is present on the mixture of non volatile compounds. Nh4Cl is separated using this techinque. Nh4cl sublimes easily and converted to liquid very wasiky after cooling.

B. Crystallisation Is uSed when the compound is dissolved in the solvent at high temp and get crystalized at room temperature when cooled.

C .Evaporation is used when the compound is dissolved and solvent easily undergo evaporation. Nacl is separated by this procces. Water is evaporated and nacl left in the dish.

D . Impure substace is dissolved in the solvent and if it is insoluble then it's impurities get dissolved in solvent and pure substance can be determined after filtration . There can be an opposite case too . If compound is soluble then impurities are filtered and pure compound got by either evaporation or any other process.

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