Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible and where

Question

Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible and where appropriate include a specific example to illustrated. Answer the question in essay form (not as an outline or as bullets) using complete sentences. You may use diagrams to supplement your answers, but a diagram alone without appropriate discussion will not be adequate for full credit. Cite sources of information you used to answer the questions or that support your answer.

26. Your doctor diagnosed your illness as a bacterial sinus infection and prescribed a course of antibiotics. You also gave informed consent to participate in the doctor’s research study on antibiotics. As part of the study you went to the clinic every day to have a sample from the infection taken and analyzed. Before starting on the antibiotics the bacteria were susceptible to the antibiotic; however later in the week after starting the antibiotic treatment the bacteria in your infection were resistant to the antibiotic. Results of DNA analysis of the bacteria causing your infection showed that the resistant bacteria and susceptible bacteria differed only by a gene that encodes the protein target of the antibiotic such that the antibiotic was unable to bind to the target site on the resistant bacterial cells..

Which of the following three hypotheses is most likely? Explain how the results support that hypothesis and what you learned about antibiotic resistance in week 4 topic “Antibiotic Resistance”. What is a possible mechanism for the change in the gene?

A) You developed a tolerance* for the antibiotic

B) The bacteria infecting you developed a tolerance* for the antibiotic.

C) The bacteria infecting you evolved to be resistant to the antibiotic.

*Tolerance is a nongenetic change in which the response to a specific drug and concentration is weaker after repeated use.

Note: Please make sure you read the instructions especially the part about providing a proper citation for where you got your answer from.

Explanation / Answer

The correct option is...................C) The bacteria infecting you evolved to be resistant to the antibiotic.

A) You developed a tolerance for the antibiotic: Humans do not develop a tolerance for the antibiotic. Antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the bacteria living in one’s body. (The data shows that the bacteria have changed but not the person)

B) The bacteria infecting you developed a tolerance for the antibiotic: Tolerance in nothing but a non genetic change that made the bacteria less sensitive to antibiotics. It is temporary change.

C) The bacteria infecting you evolved to be resistant to the antibiotic: Bacteria have the capacity to evolve faster and humans helping them to evolve much faster. A genetic mutation for resistance occurred in the bacterial cell which differs in a single gene from non mutated bacteria. This genetic mutation resulted in such that the antibiotic could not able to bind to the target receptors of bacteria. It resulted in reproductive advantage in bacteria and resulted in increased population of bacteria.

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