1. One requirement of the hereditary material is that it • will be the primary c
ID: 71116 • Letter: 1
Question
1. One requirement of the hereditary material is that it • will be the primary component of chromosomes • is made up of amino acids • is combined with a stabilizing protein in prokaryote • can be replicated accurately
2. The backbone of a DNA molecule is held together by ______ bonds, while the two strands are held together by ______ bonds. • hydrogen : histone • histone : covalent • covalent : histone • covalent : hydrogen
3. The demonstration that DNA is the hereditary molecule comes from experiments involving different strains of bacteria - smooth and rough - in which it was shown that • only DNA can cause transformation of one strain to another • heat killed rough strain bacteria can transform smooth strain bacteria • both DNA and protein can cause transformation of one strain to another • some strains of bacteria are unable to kill the host
4. The strands of a DNA molecule are said to be antiparallel because • their 5' carbons are at opposite ends • the two strands are wound around each other in a helix • a pyridmidine always pairs with a purine • deoxyribose has no double bonded oxygen groups
5. The DNA molecule is held together • more strongly in AT rich areas because there are two hydrogen bonds between these • less strongly in GC rich areas because there are three hydrogen bonds between these • more strongly in GC rich areas because there are two hydrogen bonds between these • less strongly in AT rich areas because there are two hydrogen bonds between these
6. Faithful replication of the DNA molecule is derived from which of the following? • the sequence of nucleotides along the DNA • hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotides • chemical bonds that form the backbone of the molecule • normal chemical variations in the structure of the nucleotides
7. Which of the following best describes somatic and germ line mutations? • germ line mutations are passed to the next generation, somatic mutations are not • somatic mutations are passed to the next generation, germ line mutations are not • both of these kinds of mutations may be passed equally to the next generation • germ line mutations are expressed in the generation in which they occur
8. Which of the following would be most likely cause for an incorrect nucleotide to be inserted into a replicating DNA molecule? • proofreading errors by the DNA polymerase • temporary change in the structure of the nucleotide • binding to complementary RNA primers • none of these
9. New mutations may arise at any point during the cell cycle, but most will be fixed (made permanent) • when they arise • before the next cycle of replication • during the next cycle of replication • within 2 generations of their first occurrence
10. Spontaneous mutations usually result from • changes in the structure of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA • incorrect nucleotides added by RNA polymerase during replication • RNA primers incorrectly removed during replication • any of these could cause mutations
11. Which strand of the DNA molecule will have the greatest number of primers associated with its synthesis? • lagging strand • leading strand • both have the same number • neither will have primers
12. The correct order of nucleotides in a newly synthesized DNA strand is determined by • DNA polymerase • hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases • covalent bonds in the backbone of the molecule • alternate reading frames
13. Which of the following orders is correct as concerns the activity of the enzymes involved in DNA replication? • helicase primase polymerase ligase • primase ligase polymerase helicase • helicase polymerase ligase primase • polymerase primase helicase ligase
Explanation / Answer
1. Will be the primary component of chromosomes
2. covalent : hydrogen
3. only DNA can cause transformation of one strain to another
4. their 5' carbons are at opposite ends
13. Helicase primase polymerase ligase. Helicase unwinds the double stranded DNA and forms replication fork Single stranded binding proteins bind to the single stranded DNA preventing rewinding of DNA. DNA polymerase adds deoxyribonucleotides to 3' end of DNA by attaching to RNA primer. Ligase joins fragments of DNA by phosphodiester bonds.
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