Below is a line indicating the natural history of disease for one individual. Th

Question

Below is a line indicating the natural history of disease for one individual. The arrow represents the individual’s lifespan from birth to death.

Points along the line signify the following:

A = Biological onset of disease

B = Disease becomes detectable by screening

C = Disease was detected by screening, the diagnosis was made, and treatment was started

D = Clinical symptoms would have developed if the individual were not screened

E = Death would have occurred from the disease if the individual were not screened and treated

F = Death actually occurred for the screened individual

Indicate which letters in the diagram are associated with the starting and stopping points for each of the following:

1) The detectable pre-clinical phase for this individual.

2) The lead time for this individual.

3) Increased survival time that the screening gave this individual.

Explanation / Answer

1) The detectable pre-clinical phase for this individual................B ( is clinically manifest stage)

2) The lead time for this individual: lead time of an individual is the latency period between the birth and death of an individual..............A to F

3) Increased survival time that the screening gave this individual................E to F

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