1. Which of the following statements describe cytotoxic chemotherapy agents used
ID: 70666 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Which of the following statements describe cytotoxic chemotherapy agents used for systemic therapy?
a. They block hormone stimulation of the cancer cells
b. They cause DNA damage in cancer cells
c. They block growth factors binding to cancer cells
d. They block angiogenesis
2. Immune checkpoint inhibition strategies to treat cancer involves:
a. Blocking the ligand on the tumor cell that attaches to the regulatory T-cell
b. Blocking the ligand on the regulatory T-cell that attaches to the tumor cell
c. Both A and B
d. Neither of these
Explanation / Answer
1.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy agents used for systemic therapy because they can cause DNA damage in cancer cells by intercalating DNA sequences or cause biotransformation of DNA by alkylation. For example, Lomustine (CCNU), a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat Lymphoma, mast cell tumor, histiocytic sarcoma, CNS neoplasias, and multiple myeloma exhibits the mechanism of alkylating DNA causing miscoding and cross-linking of DNA strands; inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis. Hence, option b is correct.
2.
Immune-checkpoint pathways act as a major mechanism of immune resistance against T cells in particular. The T cells are specific for tumor antigens. Therefore, the immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand–receptor interactions; they can be readily blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Hence, option c is correct.
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