1. Define the difference between brewing and wine making. 2. Name the number of

ID: 703823 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Define the difference between brewing and wine making. 2. Name the number of carbons in the ring of a starch structure. 3. Identify the sugar repeat unit in a polymer structure of starch. 4. Name the linkage between monomers in a starch structure. 5. Describe what the malt process is and what products of the process are essential to brewing. 6. Compare how gruit is different than modern beer. 7. List at least five of given reasons why water is important to the process of brewing. 8. Calculate pH from a hydrogen ion concentration or from a hydroxide ion concentration. 9. Differentiate between a polar bond and a dipole in a molecule 10. List five types of attractions between molecules and ions. 11. Give the formula for any one of several dozen ions, polyatomic ions or molecules found dissolved in surface water/tap water 12. Give 13. Identify from a list of names of sugars which are dissacharides. 4. Identify th linkage in starch which a-amylase can break, and the linkage it cannot break. 15. Explain the difference between starch and cellulose. 16. Explain the importance to brewing of chiral centers and stereochemistry. 17. Define reduction and oxidation in terms of electron transfer. 18. Des n a sugar or a protein structure, identify the names of the functional groups present. cribe the driving force for separation in each of the following water purification methods: xchange, reverse osmosis, sand filtration, ultrafiltration, flocculation, distillation, oxidation ist the primary sources of the carbonate ion found in water and how the reservoirs of 19. L carbonate ion interact with each other. Give the reactants and products of the Maillard reaction. 20. 21. Describe the importance of the Maillard reaction. 22. List at least four polyatomic ions in terms of their importance to the brewing process and the approximate concentration of interest. 23. Describe the basis for biological oxygen demand test (BOD). 24. Calculate the pH of a buffered system of a weak acid and its salt.

Explanation / Answer

Q18

Ions are of two kinds , cations & anions, positively charged are cations, which are negatively charged are anions. Michael Faraday devised based on the cation’s attraction to the cathode and the anion’s attraction to the anode in a galvanic device.A typical ion exchange configuration.

Reverse osmosis is a membrane based process, in which membrane is permeable to solvent molecules only . In osmosis solvent molecule pass from low concentration solution to high concentration while reverse of this is done by application of pressure on high concentration side in reverse osmosis .So water impurities can be removed .

Ultra-filtration is a Pressure-driven membrane filtration process which similar to Reverse Osmosis. In ultr-filtration hydrostatic pressure is used to force water to flow through a semi permeable membrane. The pore size of the ultra-filtration membrane is usually 103 - 106 Daltons. Ultra filtration is a barrier to suspended solids, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens to produce water with very high purity .

Flocculation is a process where colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.slow mixing allows collision between in microfloc they form bonds & turns into larger floc then setteling rate increases by adding coagulant.

for oxidation treatement of water the physico-chemical force is plays role of driving force.oxidation is used to decolour and degrade the organic compounds .Then that can be assimilated by the bacteria in a downstream biological treatment process.

Q 19

The primary sources of carbonate & biocarbonate ions found in water is soil & atmosphere around water.

carbonate rich sedimentary rocks which are principally formed from deposition of biogenic marine materials.Limestones & volcanic rocks are other sources & there are many other sources .dissolved carbon dioxide becomes hydrated to form carbonic acid.We have studied this carbonate cycles & its interaction in school time.which can best explain this question.Just similar to water cycle we studied .

Q22.

sr no method driving force description 1 Ion exchange

This attraction of oppositely charged ion towards electrode is used to remove dissolved ionic contaminants from water. The exchange process occurs between a resin or a zeolite and water 2 Reverse osmosis

3 sand filtration Sand fitration is drive by gravitation force alone Or in some cases centrifugal force is also applied .Sand filters are porous that trap impurities they work on adsorption principle. 4 ultrafiltration

5 ,flocculation

6 distillation For distillation driving force is BP difference all we know. Water boils at its boiling point & impurities remain in bottom & we get purified water . 7 oxidation

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