Exercise 4-5: Describe process characteristics where batch processing would be p

Question

Exercise 4-5: Describe process characteristics where batch processing would be preferable to a continuous production process. What are the advantages of batch over continuous processes? What are the disadvantages? (15 pts) Exercise 4-6: Biological systems often require sterilization as a step before inoculation with the appropriate microbial culture. Sterilization can be considered a reaction process in which organisms are killed, often through cell lysis, using thermal or chemical routes. Consider both a batch and continuous sterilization. Which has advantages for sterilization process equipment? Which has advantages for sterilization reactor stock? (NOTE: For some biochemical processes, sterilization is neither required or desired.) (10 pts) Exercise 4-7: Utility scale power plants frequently use hydrogen to cool the power generator. Why would hydrogen, with its associated flammability concerns, be used instead of air to cool the generator? (10 pts)

Explanation / Answer

Batch processes

When a chemical is required in a small amount or only as needed (example: a specialty chemical) , then usually batch process is preferred.

Example: Pharmaceutical drugs are made by batch processes.

Continuous processes

A chemical that is needed in a large amount is usually made by a continuous process. Production goes on all the time.

Example: Ammonia is made by a continuous process.

Comparison of both the processes is shown below in the table:

  

  
  

Factor Continuous Batch Automation Relatively easy Relatively difficult Rate of production High Low Cost of factory equipment High Low Shut-down Rare Often Workforce Few people needed Many people needed

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