GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOL -Understanding concep- A small amount of sodium chloride

Question

GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOL -Understanding concep- A small amount of sodium chloride (NaCI) is dissolved in a large amount of water. Imagine separating this process into the four stages sketched below. (These sketches show only a portion of the substances, so you can see the density and distribution of atoms and molecules in them.) NaCI H,o solution Use these sketches to answer the questions in the table below The enthalpy of solution H Naci dissolves in water. Use this information to list the 0 stages in order of increasing enthalpy. soln s positive when O absorbed Would heat be absorbed or released if the system moved from Stage C to D released O ionic bonding force covalent bonding force Ometal bonding force What force would oppose or favor the system moving from Stage C to D? Check all that apply dipole force Oion-dipole force dispersion force Explanation Check

Explanation / Answer

NaCl dissolves in water, the positive sodium cations and chloride anions are stabilized by the water molecule electric dipoles. The intermolecular interactions (ionic bonds) between NaCl are broken and the salt is dissolved. overall reaction is endothermic. Reaction take place in two stages-

1- The H2O molecule stick to Na+ and Cl- due to formation of electrosatic bond, H2O molecules pull apart from slotion Process A -B and this is strongly endothermic process. heat enery absorbed to breaking the electrovalent bond and pulling ions apart.

2- In this stage water molecules attached to ions Na+ and Cl- to form a solution. stage C - D . this is exothermic process energy evolved in forming electrostatic force between water molecules and ions.

hence for 1st question's answer heat will be released during process C- D .

for 2nd question's answer-

The interaction between water molecules and sodium ion is a typical ion-dipole interaction and hydrogen-bonding, dipole-dipole, ion-induced dipole, and dipole-induced dipole interactions. In the absence of these interactions, solvation takes place due to dispersion.

answer will be-

ionic bonding force

hydrogen bonding force

dipole force

ion-dipole force

dispersion force.

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