Please answer all the questions, Thank you! A 23- year old male has been admitte

Question

Please answer all the questions, Thank you!

A 23- year old male has been admitted for vomiting over the last 2 days, with minimal fluid intake. He went to the emergency room of a nearby hospital and the following data was obtained upon examination and testing. Hematology: Hematocrit: 60% plasma pH: 7.49 (normal is 7.35 to 7.45) pCO2: 47 mmHg (normal is 35 to 45 mmHg) HCO3-: 31 (normal is 22 to 26 mEq/L) Urinalysis Appearance: dark yellow to brown Specific gravity: 1.025 (normal is 1.015 to 1.030) Blood: negative Protein: mild pH 8.5

Questions: 1. Define acidosis and alkalosis. In general terms how can a patient develop an acidosis, an alkalosis?

2. What is the acid-base disorder this individual is suffering from; explain your answer using the hematological data?

3. Has compensation occurred? If so, is it partial or complete, explain your answer?

4. Why does the patients have an alkaline urine?

Explanation / Answer

1.Body Metabolism produces acidic products that lower the pH of the body fluids, these acidic substances must be eliminated from the body to maintain pH homeostasis. However Rapid elimination of acidic products of metabolism results in alkalosis, and the failure to eliminate acidic products of metabolism results in acidosis. Our body buffers fluids help resist changes in the pH using the respiratory system and the kidneys which regulate the pH of the body fluids. So any malfunctions of either the respiratory system or the kidneys can result in acidosis or alkalosis.

2. This is case of metabolic alkaloids indicated by pH more than normal , with high HCO3 and increased pCO2.

3. Looks a partial compensation due to introduction of bicarbonate, and so there is increased pH of urine due to bicarnoate excretion that is answer for 4 question

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