S) List 3 factors that may affect the determination of the 6) Consider a reactio

Question

S) List 3 factors that may affect the determination of the 6) Consider a reaction using 0.5 grams of acetanilide and 0.04 grams of potassium chlorate. 2 miiliters of glacial acetic acid was then added to the reaction mixture followed by 0.2 miWiliters of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The product of this reaction was 4-chloroacetanilide a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction. b) What is the limiting reagent? Show your calculations. c) If 0.1 grams of 4-chlo roacetani lide was formed, calculate the % yield for the reaction. 7) Discuss in detail the laboratory technique of recrystallization and state its purpose. 8) Discuss using diagrams to illustrate, the reaction mechanism for Friedal-Crafts Alkylation.

Explanation / Answer

6) acetanilide to 4-chloroacetanilide

a) balanced equation,

KClO3 + 6HCl ---> KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O

3 (Acetanilide) + 3 Cl2 ---> 3 (4-chloroacetanilide) + 3HCl

b) Limiting reactant

moles acetanilide = 0.5 g/135.17 g/mol = 0.0037 mol

moles KClO3 = 0.04 g/122.545 g/mol = 0.00033 mol

since moles of KClO3 is lower, this is the limiting reactant

c) Theoretical yield of product = 0.00033 mol x 3 x 169.61 g/mol = 0.17 g

actual yield of product = 0.1 g

percent yield = (0.1 g/0.17 g) x 100 = 58.82%

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