The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies remain constant ac
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Question
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies remain constant across generations unless certain influences are introduced, such as nonrandom matings or mutations.
Describe the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Are there influences that deviate from the principle? If so, what are they? If no, why?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling is a tool used in forensic investigation and paternity testing. This technique is often used by forensic scientists to identify individuals on the basis of their DNA profiles.
How is DNA profiling performed?
What are some of the novel uses of DNA profiling, other than those described in your textbook?
Sickle-cell disease is an example of balanced polymorphism as carriers of this disease are protected against malaria.
Describe an example of balanced polymorphism, other than sickle-cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, phenylketonuria (PKU), prior protein mutation, cystic fibrosis (CF), and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS).
Genetic ancestry testing is becoming popular as more and more people are trying to trace their ancestry. Two different types of tests are generally offered, mitochondrial DNA, which traces maternal lineages, and Y chromosome testing, which traces paternal lineages.
Does genetic ancestry testing provide a complete picture of a person's heritage? If so, how? If not, why not?
Explanation / Answer
Describe the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
In the absence of disturbing influences, the allele or genotype frequencies remain stable in a non evolving population from generation to generation.
To achieve Hardy-Weinberg principle, population must be large, no mutations, random mating, no selection, population must be isolated (non migration and emigration). if these five conditions are not met then evolution occurs. It results in a break in Hardy-Weinberg principle due to change in allele frequency.
Are there influences that deviate from the principle? If so, what are they? If no, why?
The disturbing influences include mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, selection, non random mating, small size population etc.
Natural populations with whole genotypes which follow Hardy-Weinberg principle are rarely found. Migration is common which change genetic makeup. Populations are not completely isolated from one another. Individuals mate selectively rather than randomly.
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