please answer these questions step by step 278 ) smog 9. Pick the set of which t
ID: 693104 • Letter: P
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please answer these questions step by step
278 ) smog 9. Pick the set of which tbest characterises the major fucel, time of occurrence, principal I(Los irene constituents, and petroleum, midday, (O,. NO, NO,, CO), eye irritation coal, midday, (O,, NO, NO, co), eye irritation petroleum, early morning, (o a petrole (E) , No, No," co), eye irritation ick the set of answers which best characterize the major fuel, time of occurrence, (principal constituents), and principal effect of London-type smog cosl and petroleum, late evening, (particulates, CO, sulfur compounds), eye irritation al and petroleum, carly morning. (particulates, CO, sulfur compounds), bronchial irritation e natural gas, midday, (O,. No, Co), bronchial irritation d. natural gas carly morning. (SO, CO, NO,), eye irritation The purpose of an automobile's catalytic converter is to 11. d. recycle pollutatns e. trap pollutants decompose and oxidize pollutants b filter out pollutants c condense pollutants The primary source of man-made SO2 is vegetation, and material is through the formation of a. gasoline burning. HNO 12. , and its basic harm to people, animals hot springs and geothermal power, H,SO, coal burning, H2SO4 coal burning, hydrocarbons h. d.Explanation / Answer
9. Photochemical smog forms through a series of chemical reactions among compounds in the atmosphere. When nitric oxide (NO), a component of the exhaust from cars and power plants, enters the atmosphere, it reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sunlight can break nitrogen dioxide down. This process initiates other chemical reactions that lead to the formation of low-level ozone. Although ozone (O3) that is high in the stratosphere filters out harmful UV radiation, ozone's presence at the ground level poses a health risk. Also, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), molecules that enter the atmosphere from substances such as gasoline, cleaning solvents, and trees, play a crucial role in forming photochemcial smog.Ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other volatile organic compounds that make up this smog irritate eyes and nasal passages. These are particularly dangerous to people who have heart disease, asthma, or other respiratory illnesses, and to anyone who exercises or does manual labor outdoors when smog is heavy. It is formed in the months of summer during afternoon when there is bright sunlight so that photochemical reactions can take place.
(B) is the correct answer.
10. Major Fuel for London-type smog are Coal smoke (SO2) and stagnant air. It involves smoke and fog. It is formed due to presence of SO2 and humidity in the air which combine to form H2SO4 sulfuric acid fog which depositys on the particulates. Therefore London smog is also known as Sulfurous smog. It is reducing in character. It causes bronchitis irritation, i.e., problems in the lungs. It is formed in the months of winter particularly in the morning hours when temperature is low.
(B) is the correct option.
11. A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the emissions from an internal combustion engine (used in most modern day automobiles and vehicles). Not enough oxygen is available to oxidize the carbon fuel in these engines completely into carbon dioxide and water; thus toxic by-products are produced. Catalytic converters are used in exhaust systems to provide a site for the oxidation and reduction of toxic by-products (like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) of fuel into less hazardous substances such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas.
(A) is the correct option.
12.Sulfur dioxide is a gas released by both human and natural sources. It is a colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor and taste. According to David W. Brooks at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, sulfur dioxide is used in many industrial processes such as chemical preparation, refining, pulp-making and solvent extraction. In addition, it is used in the preparation and preservation of food due to its ability to prevent bacterial growth and browning of fruit.
Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are the main source of sulfur dioxide emissions. Volcanic eruptions release large quantities of sulfur dioxide into the air.
(C) is the correct option.
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