5._By reference to the tree to the left, which of the following is an accurate s

Question

5._By reference to the tree to the left, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships? a) A crocodile is more closely related to a lizard than to a bird b) A crocodile is more closely related to a bird than to a lizard c) A crocodile is equally related to a lizard and a bird d) A crocodile is related to a lizard, but is not related to a bird Lizard Crocodile DinosaurBird 6. By reference to the tree to the left, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships? a) A seal is more closely related to a horse than to a whale b) A seal is more closely related to a whale than to a horse c) A seal is equally related to a horse and a whale d) A seal is related to a whale, but is not related to a horse Seal HorseGiraffe Hi Whale 7. phylogeny shown to the left, at which location (a-e) should its lineage attach to the rest of the tree? Salmon Ne Human L Lizard Snake If you were to add a trout to the

Explanation / Answer

5. ‘b’ is correct.

as The last common ancestor of a crocodile and a bird is at node x whereas the last common ancestor of a crocodile and a lizard is at the “deeper” node, y. If you picked ‘a’ you are reading along the tips.

6. ‘c’ is correct. The last common ancestor of a seal and a whale is at node y, as is the last common ancestor of a seal and a horse. All descendants of node x are equally related to the seal. If you picked ‘a’ you are reading along the tips.

7. ‘c’ is the correct answer. This depends on only the knowledge that a salmon and a trout are very closely related. Therefore they must share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with any other included species. Position ‘c’ is the only place such an ancestor could be.

8. d. The last common ancestor of Micrixalinae and Dicroglossinae lived before India and Madagascar separated (85 million years ago)

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