The Space Shuttle usesaluminum metal and aluminum perchlorate in its reusable bo

Question

The Space Shuttle usesaluminum metal and aluminum perchlorate in its reusable boosterrockets. The

products of the reactionare aluminum oxide, aluminum chloride, nitrogen oxide gas, andsteam:

3 Al + 3NH4ClO4Al2O3 +AlCl3 + 3 NO + 6H2O

The reaction mixturecontains 7.00 g of aluminium and 9.32 g of ammoniumperchlorate.

(a) What is the limitingreactant under these conditions? Briefly explain.

(b) What is thetheoretical yield of aluminium oxide?

(c) If 1.56 g ofaluminium oxide is formed, what is the percentyield?

Explanation / Answer

The given reaction is    3 Al + 3 NH4ClO4   ....................>Al2O3 +AlCl3 + 3NO + 6 H2O

We know, moles = mass / molar mass
So 7.0g of Al = 7.0g / 26.982g/mol =0.2595mol
      9.32g of NH4ClO4 = 9.32g / 117.49g/mol =0.0793mol


(a)   Required mole ratio of Al: NH4ClO4 = 3/3 = 1: 1
        Supplied mole ratio ofAl: NH4ClO4    = 0.2595 / 0.0793  = 3.27 : 1

      Hence,   NH4ClO4   is limiting reactant.

(b)   Theoritical yeild = 1molof    Al2O3   =101.96g

(c)   % yeild = (observed yeild /theoritical yeild ) *100
                     = (1.56 / 101.96)*100
                    = 1.53%

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