In an organism, different cells have different functions and therefore produce d

Question

In an organism, different cells have different functions and therefore produce different types of proteins. For example, fast and slow twitch muscles contract in all animals. They contract because they contain actin and myosin proteins which function to shorten the muscle cell; overall, the whole muscle gets shorter. Another example would be the specific transmembrane proteins in lung cells that function to pump chloride ions out of the cell: the CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor. The CFTRs are defective in cystic fibrosis patients. Although they are produced, they are not installed in the cell membrane and do not function to pump chloride ions out of the cell. One last example, an antibody (CD4) produced by T-Helper cells of the immune system function on the cell surface. The antibody binds to specific proteins or antigens produced by some pathogens, which signals to the T-Helper to call for help.

Use the information above and your understanding of gene expression and mutations to fill in the table. Answers may require more than just a “yes” or “no”.

Lung cells of cystic fibrous patient

Lung cells of healthy individual

Muscle cells

Immune cells: T-Helper

Is the myosin gene present in the following?

Is the myosin mRNA present in the following?

Is the myosin protein present in the following?

Is the CFTR gene present in the following?

Is the CFTR mRNA present in the following?

Is the CFTR protein present in the following?

Is the CFTR protein functional in the following?

Is the CD4 gene present in the following?

Is the CD4 mRNA present in the following?

Is the CD4 protein present in the following?

Lung cells of cystic fibrous patient

Lung cells of healthy individual

Muscle cells

Immune cells: T-Helper

Is the myosin gene present in the following?

Is the myosin mRNA present in the following?

Is the myosin protein present in the following?

Is the CFTR gene present in the following?

Is the CFTR mRNA present in the following?

Is the CFTR protein present in the following?

Is the CFTR protein functional in the following?

Is the CD4 gene present in the following?

Is the CD4 mRNA present in the following?

Is the CD4 protein present in the following?

Explanation / Answer

Lung cells of cystic fibrous patient

Lung cells of healthy individual

Muscle cells

Immune cells: T-Helper

Is the myosin gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the myosin mRNA present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the myosin protein present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR mRNA present in the following?

no

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR protein present in the following?

No

YES

YES

No

Is the CFTR protein functional in the following?

YES

no

no

no

Is the CD4 gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the CD4 mRNA present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the CD4 protein present in the following?

YES

Lung cells of cystic fibrous patient

Lung cells of healthy individual

Muscle cells

Immune cells: T-Helper

Is the myosin gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the myosin mRNA present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the myosin protein present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR mRNA present in the following?

no

YES

YES

no

Is the CFTR protein present in the following?

No

YES

YES

No

Is the CFTR protein functional in the following?

YES

no

no

no

Is the CD4 gene present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the CD4 mRNA present in the following?

YES

YES

YES

YES

Is the CD4 protein present in the following?

YES

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