3.Most animal cells have , a nucleus, chromatin,centrioles, mitochondria and cyt

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3.Most animal cells have , a nucleus, chromatin,centrioles, mitochondria and cytoskeletons 4. Pasteur developed vaccines for chicken cholera ,anthrax, and TB 5. Agar , the petri dish , the autoclave ,pure culture techniques and basic staining techniques came from the lab of Louis Pasteur 6. There are 82 different naturally occurring atomic numbers, although two are extremely rare. 7. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent but are important to life, especially to DNA and the properties of water 8. Peptidoglycan is found in almost all known bacteria but not the archaea or eukarytoes 9. Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins, phospholipids , teichoic acids, lipopolysacchardies , and porins 10 Teichoic acids are found only in gram negative bacteria and may be important antigens in this group 11. Plasmids have been found in some bacteria , some yeasts , some protozoa and but no animal to date, and play a role in the horizontal transfer of genes, such as those for drug resistanace 12. Lysosomes contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzyme also may produce hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite and free radicals, under certain conditions 13. Viroids are composed of naked RNA and presently parasites of plants only but may someday be found in animals 14. GSS, subacute sclerozing panencephalitis, Mad cow , Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, scrapie , chronic wasting disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Kuru are known to be caused by prions 15. A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1.5 is more effective than phenol as a killing agent. 16. Protection by immunization has been practiced for hundreds of years 17. RNA polymerase does have some proof reading ability but not as good as DNA polymerase 18. From the lab of Robert Koch came the proof for germ theory-Koch’s postulates. 19. Thanks to the universality of the genetic code, bacteria and yeast can make, erythropoietin insulin , interferons ,taxol and the Hepatitis B vaccine 20. AGG and AAG can be codons on DNA and RNA 21. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see bacteria and is called the father of microbiology. 22. Most phage viral families we know of have DNA as genetic material 23 Bacillus and Clostridia species have highly resistant stages called endospores, first discovered by Ferdinand Cohn and which may be able to live for millions of years 24. Transposons are found in both pro and eukaryotes and were first discovered in corn by McClintock l in corn for which she won a Nobel prize. 25. The DNA polymerase chain reaction is considerably faster than bacterial multiplication 26.Bacteria have the greatest biotic potential of any organisms on earth, one E. coli potentially could fill a large ship in 24 hours 27. Messenger RNA attaches to the large subunit of the ribosome to begin translation 28. Plants, like corn and soybeans and sorgum have been given genes from bacteria and these transgenic organisms are just being introduced to our food supply by the billions 29. Protoplast fusion, bacterial vectors ,electon guns, calcium salts, micropipette injection , electroporation, adenoviral vectors and heat shock are ways that genetic material can be introduced from one cell to another. 30. The euglenas are and photosynthetic in light and holozoic in dark and are also transitional protozoa with both flagellated and ameboid ability in same species 31 The limit of resolution of the bright field microscope is about 1,000x do to the wavelengths of white light 32 UV microscopes can magnify over 2,000 as a result of the shorter wavelength of UV light versus white light and electron microscopes can magnify hundreds of thousands of times 33. Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes can magnify in the hundreds of millions and possibly a billion times 34 Many trillions of transgenic organisms have been made ,mostly plants and bacteria, for example herbicide resistant corn 35. Viruses lack the structures of cells and are not alive. 36. Viruses usually have less than 10 genes , although several have been found that has more than some bacteria, like the Pandora viruses. 37. Most known bacteria have a few thousand genes, aome 10,000 although a few have less than 200 38. Man has around 32,000 genes which is more than found in most plants 39. One person has about 60 -100 billion miles of DNA 40. Mycoplasms, lack peptidoglycan, are about 2 um long and lack cell walls are pleomorphic and some cause human disease 41. Mesophiles like temperatures of around 10 degrees Celsius 42. The normal autoclave parameters are 121 degrees celsius , 15 seconds , 15 psi but can be varied 43. 70% formaldehyde is not a good antispetic 44. Rhinoviruses have DNA as genetic material and are thus unlikely to cause cancer 45 DNA viruses are more likely to cause cancer than RNA viruses, with the exception of retroviruses 46. AIDS is in the retroviridae 47. There are around 45 different m RNS in a typical human cell 48. DNA codes for messenger RNAs, while nonsense DNA codes for ribosomal RNAS , transfer RNAs and snRNAs 49. Translation occurs in nucleus of eukaryotes and the nucleoid of prokaryotes 49. Exons are found in archea, bacteria and eukaryotes, although exons appear to be rare and not as important in archea and bacteria. 50. Waksman probably coined the term antibiotic , while discovering streptomycin 3.Most animal cells have , a nucleus, chromatin,centrioles, mitochondria and cytoskeletons 4. Pasteur developed vaccines for chicken cholera ,anthrax, and TB 5. Agar , the petri dish , the autoclave ,pure culture techniques and basic staining techniques came from the lab of Louis Pasteur 6. There are 82 different naturally occurring atomic numbers, although two are extremely rare. 7. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent but are important to life, especially to DNA and the properties of water 8. Peptidoglycan is found in almost all known bacteria but not the archaea or eukarytoes 9. Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins, phospholipids , teichoic acids, lipopolysacchardies , and porins 10 Teichoic acids are found only in gram negative bacteria and may be important antigens in this group 11. Plasmids have been found in some bacteria , some yeasts , some protozoa and but no animal to date, and play a role in the horizontal transfer of genes, such as those for drug resistanace 12. Lysosomes contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzyme also may produce hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite and free radicals, under certain conditions 13. Viroids are composed of naked RNA and presently parasites of plants only but may someday be found in animals 14. GSS, subacute sclerozing panencephalitis, Mad cow , Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, scrapie , chronic wasting disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Kuru are known to be caused by prions 15. A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1.5 is more effective than phenol as a killing agent. 16. Protection by immunization has been practiced for hundreds of years 17. RNA polymerase does have some proof reading ability but not as good as DNA polymerase 18. From the lab of Robert Koch came the proof for germ theory-Koch’s postulates. 19. Thanks to the universality of the genetic code, bacteria and yeast can make, erythropoietin insulin , interferons ,taxol and the Hepatitis B vaccine 20. AGG and AAG can be codons on DNA and RNA 21. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see bacteria and is called the father of microbiology. 22. Most phage viral families we know of have DNA as genetic material 23 Bacillus and Clostridia species have highly resistant stages called endospores, first discovered by Ferdinand Cohn and which may be able to live for millions of years 24. Transposons are found in both pro and eukaryotes and were first discovered in corn by McClintock l in corn for which she won a Nobel prize. 25. The DNA polymerase chain reaction is considerably faster than bacterial multiplication 26.Bacteria have the greatest biotic potential of any organisms on earth, one E. coli potentially could fill a large ship in 24 hours 27. Messenger RNA attaches to the large subunit of the ribosome to begin translation 28. Plants, like corn and soybeans and sorgum have been given genes from bacteria and these transgenic organisms are just being introduced to our food supply by the billions 29. Protoplast fusion, bacterial vectors ,electon guns, calcium salts, micropipette injection , electroporation, adenoviral vectors and heat shock are ways that genetic material can be introduced from one cell to another. 30. The euglenas are and photosynthetic in light and holozoic in dark and are also transitional protozoa with both flagellated and ameboid ability in same species 31 The limit of resolution of the bright field microscope is about 1,000x do to the wavelengths of white light 32 UV microscopes can magnify over 2,000 as a result of the shorter wavelength of UV light versus white light and electron microscopes can magnify hundreds of thousands of times 33. Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes can magnify in the hundreds of millions and possibly a billion times 34 Many trillions of transgenic organisms have been made ,mostly plants and bacteria, for example herbicide resistant corn 35. Viruses lack the structures of cells and are not alive. 36. Viruses usually have less than 10 genes , although several have been found that has more than some bacteria, like the Pandora viruses. 37. Most known bacteria have a few thousand genes, aome 10,000 although a few have less than 200 38. Man has around 32,000 genes which is more than found in most plants 39. One person has about 60 -100 billion miles of DNA 40. Mycoplasms, lack peptidoglycan, are about 2 um long and lack cell walls are pleomorphic and some cause human disease 41. Mesophiles like temperatures of around 10 degrees Celsius 42. The normal autoclave parameters are 121 degrees celsius , 15 seconds , 15 psi but can be varied 43. 70% formaldehyde is not a good antispetic 44. Rhinoviruses have DNA as genetic material and are thus unlikely to cause cancer 45 DNA viruses are more likely to cause cancer than RNA viruses, with the exception of retroviruses 46. AIDS is in the retroviridae 47. There are around 45 different m RNS in a typical human cell 48. DNA codes for messenger RNAs, while nonsense DNA codes for ribosomal RNAS , transfer RNAs and snRNAs 49. Translation occurs in nucleus of eukaryotes and the nucleoid of prokaryotes 49. Exons are found in archea, bacteria and eukaryotes, although exons appear to be rare and not as important in archea and bacteria. 50. Waksman probably coined the term antibiotic , while discovering streptomycin 3.Most animal cells have , a nucleus, chromatin,centrioles, mitochondria and cytoskeletons 4. Pasteur developed vaccines for chicken cholera ,anthrax, and TB 5. Agar , the petri dish , the autoclave ,pure culture techniques and basic staining techniques came from the lab of Louis Pasteur 6. There are 82 different naturally occurring atomic numbers, although two are extremely rare. 7. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent but are important to life, especially to DNA and the properties of water 8. Peptidoglycan is found in almost all known bacteria but not the archaea or eukarytoes 9. Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins, phospholipids , teichoic acids, lipopolysacchardies , and porins 10 Teichoic acids are found only in gram negative bacteria and may be important antigens in this group 11. Plasmids have been found in some bacteria , some yeasts , some protozoa and but no animal to date, and play a role in the horizontal transfer of genes, such as those for drug resistanace 12. Lysosomes contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzyme also may produce hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite and free radicals, under certain conditions 13. Viroids are composed of naked RNA and presently parasites of plants only but may someday be found in animals 14. GSS, subacute sclerozing panencephalitis, Mad cow , Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, scrapie , chronic wasting disease, fatal familial insomnia, and Kuru are known to be caused by prions 15. A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1.5 is more effective than phenol as a killing agent. 16. Protection by immunization has been practiced for hundreds of years 17. RNA polymerase does have some proof reading ability but not as good as DNA polymerase 18. From the lab of Robert Koch came the proof for germ theory-Koch’s postulates. 19. Thanks to the universality of the genetic code, bacteria and yeast can make, erythropoietin insulin , interferons ,taxol and the Hepatitis B vaccine 20. AGG and AAG can be codons on DNA and RNA 21. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see bacteria and is called the father of microbiology. 22. Most phage viral families we know of have DNA as genetic material 23 Bacillus and Clostridia species have highly resistant stages called endospores, first discovered by Ferdinand Cohn and which may be able to live for millions of years 24. Transposons are found in both pro and eukaryotes and were first discovered in corn by McClintock l in corn for which she won a Nobel prize. 25. The DNA polymerase chain reaction is considerably faster than bacterial multiplication 26.Bacteria have the greatest biotic potential of any organisms on earth, one E. coli potentially could fill a large ship in 24 hours 27. Messenger RNA attaches to the large subunit of the ribosome to begin translation 28. Plants, like corn and soybeans and sorgum have been given genes from bacteria and these transgenic organisms are just being introduced to our food supply by the billions 29. Protoplast fusion, bacterial vectors ,electon guns, calcium salts, micropipette injection , electroporation, adenoviral vectors and heat shock are ways that genetic material can be introduced from one cell to another. 30. The euglenas are and photosynthetic in light and holozoic in dark and are also transitional protozoa with both flagellated and ameboid ability in same species 31 The limit of resolution of the bright field microscope is about 1,000x do to the wavelengths of white light 32 UV microscopes can magnify over 2,000 as a result of the shorter wavelength of UV light versus white light and electron microscopes can magnify hundreds of thousands of times 33. Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes can magnify in the hundreds of millions and possibly a billion times 34 Many trillions of transgenic organisms have been made ,mostly plants and bacteria, for example herbicide resistant corn 35. Viruses lack the structures of cells and are not alive. 36. Viruses usually have less than 10 genes , although several have been found that has more than some bacteria, like the Pandora viruses. 37. Most known bacteria have a few thousand genes, aome 10,000 although a few have less than 200 38. Man has around 32,000 genes which is more than found in most plants 39. One person has about 60 -100 billion miles of DNA 40. Mycoplasms, lack peptidoglycan, are about 2 um long and lack cell walls are pleomorphic and some cause human disease 41. Mesophiles like temperatures of around 10 degrees Celsius 42. The normal autoclave parameters are 121 degrees celsius , 15 seconds , 15 psi but can be varied 43. 70% formaldehyde is not a good antispetic 44. Rhinoviruses have DNA as genetic material and are thus unlikely to cause cancer 45 DNA viruses are more likely to cause cancer than RNA viruses, with the exception of retroviruses 46. AIDS is in the retroviridae 47. There are around 45 different m RNS in a typical human cell 48. DNA codes for messenger RNAs, while nonsense DNA codes for ribosomal RNAS , transfer RNAs and snRNAs 49. Translation occurs in nucleus of eukaryotes and the nucleoid of prokaryotes 49. Exons are found in archea, bacteria and eukaryotes, although exons appear to be rare and not as important in archea and bacteria. 50. Waksman probably coined the term antibiotic , while discovering streptomycin

Explanation / Answer

3. true

4. True

5. False; all these came from the lab of Robert Koch..

6. False; There are 92 differenet naturally occuring atomic numbers

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