1.Genetic recombination is possible because of ________ during or after meiosis
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Question
1.Genetic recombination is possible because of ________ during or after meiosis
o independent assortment
o crossing ove
o fertilization with a nonrelated gamete
o All of these are correct
2.Sister chromatids are
o genetically different and attached to each other
o genetically identical and attached to each other
o a combination of genetically different and similar DNA and attached to each other
3.If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is
o dominant
o recessive
o homologous
o heterozygous
o homozygous
4.Segregation of alleles on one chromosome does not influence the segregation of alleles on another chromosome. This is Mendel's law of
o random fertilization
o independent assortment
o crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
5.What determines the sex of an offspring?
o the chromosomal makeup of the egg
o the chromosomal makeup of the egg and the sperm
o the chromosomal makeup of the sperm
6.Removing genes from molecules of DNA requires
o digestive enzymes
o repair enzymes
o restriction enzymes
7.A testcross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that
o is heterozygous
o is homozygous recessive
o is homozygous dominant
8.An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is
o recessive
o dominant
o homologous
o homozygousheterozygous
9.List three separate phenomena that occur during meiosis and fertilization that contribute to genetic uniqueness
o mistakes made during DNA replication, repair of those mistakes, and apoptosis
o the number of cell divisions, how tightly the DNA is coiled and the number of chromosomes
o random assortment, crossover and which gamete contributes to the zygote
10.What is an operon and why is it important?
o an operon regulates gene function
o an operon regulates photosynthesis
o an operon regulates energy use
11.What is the function of “transfer” RNA (tRNA)?
o it transfers energy from ATP to RNA
o it matches the correct amino acid according to the messenger RNA
o it transfers messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
12.The genome of an organism is all of its
o protein
o energy
o RNA
o genetic material
13.A cell with one set of chromosomes is a ________________ cell.
o diploid
o haploid
o daughter
14.Many of Mendel’s contemporaries observed the “disappearance” of traits following cross-breeding and their reappearance generations later. What was it about Mendel that allowed him to solve the mystery of inheritance?
o he examined more traits than others
o he kept accurate counts of his results
o he carried out more crosses than others
15.Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variation by
o random fertilization
o independent assortment
o crossing over
o All answer choices are correct
16.During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
o M phase
o S phase
o interphase
17.One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome is a
o chromatid
o nucleus
o chromatin
18.If a person has a recessive allele for a disease and that allele is masked by a normal dominant allele, this person
o is homozygous for the disease
o has the disease but cannot pass this disease to their offspring
o is a carrier
19.To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder, a person could receive the "disease" allele from the
o father only, not the mother
o mother only, not the father
o parent who does not exhibit the disease
o mother or the father
20.A diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate four haploid nuclei during
o meiosis
o mitosis
o fertilization
o interphase
21.In a testcross, if all the offspring show the dominant phenotype, then the individual with the unknown genotype was
o homozygous dominant
o heterozygous
o homozygous recessive
o heterozygous recessive
22.in meiosis, DNA replicates __________ and the cell divides ____________.
o twice, once
o once, twice
o twice, twice
o once, once
23.What is transcription? What is translation?
o making DNA; making RNA
o making protein; making RNA
o making RNA; making protein
24.Our germ cells are located in the
o testes and ovaries
o blood
o bone marrow
25.Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because
o sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction
o sexual reproduction requires only one individual
o sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals
o sexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals
26.What is a karyotype? When is it particularly useful in genetic screening?
o the phenotype
o the genotype
o arrangement of chromosomes to monitor their condition
27.If a pea plant is homozygous for yellow seeds (YY), which gametes could it produce?
o y
o Y
o Y or y
28.Mendel called a masking trait
o recessive
o dominant
o homologous
o homozygousheterozygous
29.A sperm combining with an egg cell forms a
o haploid cell
o gamete
o diploid cell
30.Why is DNA referred to as a “double helix”?
o it unzips into two during division
o we have two copies of each chromosome
o the backbone structure consists of 2 helices twisted around each other
31.An organism that receives recombinant DNA
o has a genetic disease
o will develop cancer
o is a transgenic organism.
32.A healthy couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis. What is the chance that each of their future children will inherit this illness?
o 0%, because cystic fibrosis is not an inherited illness
o 50%
o 10%
o 25%
o 100%
33.Why is it so difficult to treat a genetic disorder in an adult?
o a large amount of DNA is required
o it is necessary to treat all of the affected cells
o each individual has unique DNA
34.What is an advantage of modifying crops by genetic engineering versus standard cross-pollination?
o there is less chance of infection
o it generates all male progeny
o it is faster and more easily controlled
35.If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two different homozygotes, this is called
o independent assortment
o codominance
o recessive
o dominant
36.How does the space between our fingers arise?
o cells die by necrosis
o cells die by apoptosis
o mitosis is blocked
o cells migrate into fingers
37.Why can translocation of a portion of one chromosome onto another result in mutation even though there is no net loss of DNA?
o translocation can make a chromosome too long to be utilized
o each chromosome utilizes a different coding system
o regulation of the translocated genes is often disrupted
38.Gametes may carry different combinations of alleles because of
o crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
o random fertilization and crossing over
o random fertilization
o random fertilization and alignment of chromosomes
39.Mutations can happen in any cell. Why is a mutation in a gamete more dangerous than in other cells?
o the gamete can spread its mutation to the parent's somatic cells
o a mutated gamete may be non functional for fertilization
o all cells of the zygote will inherit that mutation
40.Why are the cell cycle checkpoints so critical?
o The cell must undergo mitosis before DNA is replicated
o DNA must be replicated and repaired before mitosis
o DNA replication and cell division must occur simultaneously
41.in mitosis, DNA replicates __________ and the cell divides ____________.
o once, twice
o twice, once
o once, once
o twice, twice
42.A cell with two sets of chromosomes is a _______________ cell.
o diploid
o haploid
o daughter
43.When a pedigree is constructed, autosomal dominant disorders typically
o appear only in males
o appear in every generation
o appear only in females
o seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation
44.The X chromosome is
o the same size as the Y chromosome
o smaller than the Y chromosome
o larger than the Y chromosome
45.What is the collective name for the entire cell cycle except for mitosis?
o S phase
o interphase
o M phase
46.What is a “carrier” of a recessive genetic disorder?
o an individual with 2 healthy alleles
o an individual with 2 diseased alleles
o an individual with one healthy and one diseased allele
47.Treatment of a disorder by inserting genetic material into an organism is called
o karyotyping
o amniocentesis
o gene therapy
o genetic profiling
48.The chromosomal makeup for a female is
o YY
o XO
o XY
o XX
49.What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis that allows meiosis to generate four haploid gametes?
o in meiosis cells duplicate their DNA twice and divide once
o in meiosis cells divide without duplicating their DNA
o in meiosis cells duplicate their DNA once but divide twice
50.Immature cells that have the potential to develop into multiple cell types are
o germ cells
o stem cells
o somatic cells
o nerve cells
Explanation / Answer
1. All of these are correct
2. genetically different and attached to each other
3. homozygous
4. independent assortment
5. the chromosomal makeup of the sperm
6. restriction enzymes
7. is homozygous recessive
8. dominant
9. the number of cell divisions, how tightly the DNA is coiled and the number of chromosomes
10. an operon regulates gene function
11. it matches the correct amino acid according to the messenger RNA
12. genetic material
13. haploid
14. he kept accurate counts of his results
15. random fertilization
16. S phase
17. Chromatid
18. has the disease but cannot pass this disease to their offspring
19. mother or the father
20. meiosis
21. homozygous dominant
22. once, twice
23. making RNA; making protein
24. testes and ovaries
25., sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction
26. arrangement of chromosomes to monitor their condition
27. Y or y
28. dominant
29. diploid cell
30. the backbone structure consists of 2 helices twisted around each other
31. is a transgenic organism.
32. 25%
33. it is necessary to treat all of the affected cells
34. there is less chance of infection
35. codominance
36. cells die by apoptosis
37. translocation can make a chromosome too long to be utilized.
38. crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
39. the gamete can spread its mutation to the parent's somatic cells
40. DNA must be replicated and repaired before mitosis
41. twice, twice
42. diploid
43. seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation
44. larger than the Y chromosome
45. M phase
46. an individual with one healthy and one diseased allele
47. gene therapy
48. XX
49. in meiosis cells duplicate their DNA twice and divide once
50. stem cells
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