In Katz\' book is explained that this is natural because the honest parties are

Question

In Katz' book is explained that this is natural because the honest parties are required to be probabilistic (in order to generate random keys and so on), actually this isn't very natural for me (the fact that the honest parties are probabilistic shouldn't imply we must consider adversaries to be probabilistic too).

Also, they say that this is useful because the ability to toss coins may provide additional power, and therefore if the scheme is secure against PPT adversaries, then is secure against deterministic polynomial-times adversaries.

Please, someone can explain me why is this a valid argument? Thank you very much!.

Explanation / Answer

An algorithm being probabilistic means that it is allowed to "throw coins", and use the results of the coin throws in its computations. This is reasonable because a realistic adversary has access to certain pseudo-randomness sources (such as the C rand() function). Of course, a probabilistic algorithm is not required to use its randomness source (i.e., throw coins), but even if it were, it could just ignore the results.

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